[pytest] asyncio_default_fixture_loop_scope=function ; Live end-to-end tests (tests/e2e, see its README) need privileges, real ; images and emulator binaries — they never run in a normal test run. Run ; them explicitly with: pytest -m e2e tests/e2e markers = e2e: live end-to-end tests (real server, kernel interfaces, emulators) addopts = -m "not e2e"