feat(docker): expose netem-extension packet filters on kernel links

Surface the netem extensions delivered in uBridge feature/tc-netem-ext
as GNS3 filter types: rate (tc-style bandwidth string), reorder (needs
delay), gemodel (Gilbert-Elliot bursty loss, exclusive with
packet_loss), duplicate, seed and limit, plus the delay jitter
distribution and the loss/dup correlation parameters. All are
kernel-datapath only — the relay's packet-filter registry has no
equivalent, so available_filters hides them on relay links, setting one
on a created relay link returns 409, and the project-load path drops
them with a warning (update_filters runs before the datapath is
decided, so it cannot reject there). Validation mirrors the tc grammar:
reorder requires delay, gemodel and packet_loss are mutually exclusive,
a distribution requires jitter > 0, rate is integer+unit capped at
100gbit.

The translation in DockerVM._netem_command_parts emits the frozen
grammar order and gates extension keywords on the 'tc capabilities'
netem token list (probed once per uBridge process; a plain
delay/loss/corrupt/dup filter never probes, keeping old uBridge builds
untouched; the correl suffix has no token and gates on 'rate' as the
extension-build marker).

Reconcile became reset-before-set: the kernel's netem change merges
optional attributes (rate, correlation, reorder, corrupt, gemodel,
distribution, seed keep their previous value when the new message omits
them), so removing a parameter needs an explicit 'tc reset' — the
bpf_drop filters are re-added right after in the same flow, so the
clsact churn is invisible. The capability check runs before the reset
so a failed update leaves the previous qdisc in place.

e2e (isolated instance, kernel link): 24/24 — rate 512kbit adds exactly
2x the per-packet serialization to the RTT (45.5 ms for 1400-byte
pings), paretonormal jitter + rate-cleared leak check, reorder gap 5,
gemodel 50% bursty loss, duplicate, loss 30% correl 50%, seed 42 +
limit 5000 visible in the qdisc dump, suspend/resume and node restart
keep the filters, relay link rejects rate with 409, teardown leaves no
netem. Full unit suite: 1916 passed.

gns3server/compute/base_manager.py

@@ -356,6 +356,20 @@ class BaseManager:
             except OSError as e:
                 raise ComputeError(f"Could not create an UDP connection to {rhost}:{rport}: {e}")
             nio = NIOUDP(lport, rhost, rport)
+            # The netem-extension filters (rate, reorder, gemodel…) have no
+            # uBridge relay equivalent — reject them here (the controller
+            # already keeps them off relay links; this is the second guard
+            # for direct compute API use, mirroring the kernel-NIO guard).
+            from gns3server.utils.packet_filter_validation import kernel_only_features
+
+            kernel_only = kernel_only_features(nio_settings.get("filters") or {})
+            if kernel_only:
+                raise ComputeError(
+                    "Packet filter(s) {} only run on a kernel-datapath link "
+                    "(tc netem on the veth host end); the uBridge relay has no equivalent".format(
+                        ", ".join(sorted(kernel_only))
+                    )
+                )
             nio.filters = nio_settings.get("filters", {})
             nio.markers = nio_settings.get("markers", {})
             nio.suspend = nio_settings.get("suspend", False)

gns3server/compute/base_node.py

@@ -1116,6 +1116,17 @@ class BaseNode:
         :param filters: Array of filter dictionary
         """
 
+        # The netem-extension filters (rate, reorder, gemodel…) only exist on
+        # the kernel datapath. The controller keeps them off relay links;
+        # this is the second guard for direct compute API use.
+        from gns3server.utils.packet_filter_validation import kernel_only_features
+
+        kernel_only = kernel_only_features(filters)
+        if kernel_only:
+            raise NodeError(
+                "Packet filter(s) {} only run on a kernel-datapath link (tc netem on the "
+                "veth host end); the uBridge relay has no equivalent".format(", ".join(sorted(kernel_only)))
+            )
         await self._ubridge_send("bridge reset_packet_filters " + bridge_name)
         for packet_filter in self._build_filter_list(filters):
             cmd = f"bridge add_packet_filter {bridge_name} {packet_filter}"

gns3server/compute/docker/docker_vm.py

@@ -2156,35 +2156,143 @@ class DockerVM(BaseNode):
             return
         await super()._ubridge_enable_marker_filter(anchor, name, state)
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def _netem_command_parts(filters):
+        """
+        Build the ``tc netem set`` keyword sequence (in the frozen grammar
+        order: delay/jitter, loss|gemodel, dup, corrupt, reorder, rate,
+        limit, distribution, seed) plus the set of capability tokens the
+        sequence needs beyond the original netem surface. Original-surface
+        keywords (delay, jitter, loss, corrupt, dup) need no probe; the
+        extension tokens (rate, reorder, gemodel, dist, seed, limit) are
+        checked against ``tc capabilities`` by the caller. ``correl`` has no
+        token of its own in the capabilities list, so it gates on "rate" as
+        the netem-extension build marker.
+
+        :param filters: NIO filters dictionary ({"delay": [ms, jitter, dist], ...})
+
+        :returns: (keyword sequence, required extension tokens)
+        """
+
+        def values_of(key):
+            # tolerate the legacy bare-value shape ({"packet_loss": 10})
+            values = filters.get(key)
+            if isinstance(values, (list, tuple)):
+                return list(values)
+            return [values] if values else []
+
+        parts = []
+        ext_tokens = set()
+
+        delay = values_of("delay")
+        if delay:
+            parts.append(f"delay {int(delay[0])}")
+            if len(delay) > 1 and int(delay[1]):
+                parts.append(f"jitter {int(delay[1])}")
+
+        gemodel = values_of("gemodel")
+        if gemodel:
+            segment = f"loss gemodel {int(gemodel[0])}"
+            if len(gemodel) > 1:
+                segment += f" {int(gemodel[1])}"
+                if len(gemodel) > 2:
+                    segment += f" {int(gemodel[2])}"
+            parts.append(segment)
+            ext_tokens.add("gemodel")
+        else:
+            loss = values_of("packet_loss")
+            if loss and int(loss[0]):
+                parts.append(f"loss {int(loss[0])}")
+                if len(loss) > 1 and int(loss[1]):
+                    parts.append(f"correl {int(loss[1])}")
+                    ext_tokens.add("rate")  # correl: extension build marker
+
+        duplicate = values_of("duplicate")
+        if duplicate and int(duplicate[0]):
+            parts.append(f"dup {int(duplicate[0])}")
+            if len(duplicate) > 1 and int(duplicate[1]):
+                parts.append(f"correl {int(duplicate[1])}")
+                ext_tokens.add("rate")  # correl: extension build marker
+
+        corrupt = values_of("corrupt")
+        if corrupt and int(corrupt[0]):
+            parts.append(f"corrupt {int(corrupt[0])}")
+
+        reorder = values_of("reorder")
+        if reorder:
+            segment = f"reorder {int(reorder[0])}"
+            if len(reorder) > 1 and int(reorder[1]):
+                segment += f" correl {int(reorder[1])}"
+            if len(reorder) > 2 and int(reorder[2]):
+                segment += f" gap {int(reorder[2])}"
+            parts.append(segment)
+            ext_tokens.add("reorder")
+
+        rate = values_of("rate")
+        if rate and str(rate[0]).strip():
+            parts.append(f"rate {str(rate[0]).strip()}")
+            ext_tokens.add("rate")
+
+        limit = values_of("limit")
+        if limit and int(limit[0]):
+            parts.append(f"limit {int(limit[0])}")
+            ext_tokens.add("limit")
+
+        if delay and len(delay) > 2 and str(delay[2]).strip().lower() not in ("", "uniform"):
+            # "uniform" is the kernel default — emitting nothing keeps the
+            # command compatible with the original netem surface.
+            parts.append(f"distribution {str(delay[2]).strip().lower()}")
+            ext_tokens.add("dist")
+
+        seed = values_of("seed")
+        if seed and int(seed[0]):
+            # 0 is the "disabled" convention everywhere else — treat it so
+            # here too (the controller's inactive-filter pass drops it).
+            parts.append(f"seed {int(seed[0])}")
+            ext_tokens.add("seed")
+
+        return parts, ext_tokens
+
     async def _ubridge_apply_netem(self, host_ifc, filters):
         """
         Translate the NIO's impairment filters into one tc netem qdisc on the
-        veth host end. The supported types (delay, packet_loss, corrupt) merge
-        into a single qdisc — its egress covers the traffic entering this
-        container, and with both link endpoints applying theirs, every
-        direction of the link is impaired exactly once (the same net effect
-        as the relay, where both directions cross the single filtered bridge).
-        ``netem set`` atomically replaces whatever qdisc was attached, so a
-        full re-apply on every NIO update *is* the incremental reconcile. An
-        empty filter set detaches the qdisc (``tc reset``).
+        veth host end. The netem-expressible types (delay, packet_loss,
+        corrupt and the netem extensions rate/reorder/gemodel/duplicate/
+        seed/limit) merge into a single qdisc — its egress covers the traffic
+        entering this container, and with both link endpoints applying
+        theirs, every direction of the link is impaired exactly once (the
+        same net effect as the relay, where both directions cross the single
+        filtered bridge).
+
+        The kernel's netem replace MERGES optional attributes (rate,
+        correlation, reorder, corrupt, gemodel, distribution: absent attr =
+        previous value kept), so re-applying a filter set with a parameter
+        *removed* would silently keep the old value. A ``tc reset`` before
+        every ``netem set`` makes the re-apply a true reconcile (reset also
+        drops clsact and its bpf_drop filters — the caller re-applies them
+        right after in the same flow). An empty filter set is the reset
+        alone.
 
         :param host_ifc: veth host-end interface name
         :param filters: NIO filters dictionary ({"delay": [ms, jitter], ...})
         """
 
-        parts = []
-        delay = filters.get("delay")
-        if delay:
-            parts.append(f"delay {int(delay[0])}")
-            if len(delay) > 1 and int(delay[1]):
-                parts.append(f"jitter {int(delay[1])}")
-        for filter_type, netem_kw in (("packet_loss", "loss"), ("corrupt", "corrupt")):
-            values = filters.get(filter_type)
-            if values and int(values[0]):
-                parts.append(f"{netem_kw} {int(values[0])}")
-        if parts:
-            await self._ubridge_send('tc netem set "{ifc}" {params}'.format(ifc=host_ifc, params=" ".join(parts)))
-            return
+        parts, ext_tokens = self._netem_command_parts(filters)
+        if parts and ext_tokens:
+            # Extension keywords need the netem-extension uBridge. Plain
+            # delay/loss/corrupt/dup never probes — an old uBridge serves
+            # the original surface untouched (mirrors bpf_drop's guard).
+            # Checked before the reset so a failed update leaves the
+            # previously applied qdisc in place.
+            caps = await self._ubridge_tc_capabilities()
+            missing = ext_tokens - set(caps.get("netem", "").split(","))
+            if missing:
+                raise DockerError(
+                    "Packet filter(s) using {} need a uBridge with the netem extensions "
+                    "(tc capabilities reports '{}'); upgrade uBridge on this compute".format(
+                        ", ".join(sorted(missing)), caps.get("netem") or "no tc support"
+                    )
+                )
         try:
             await self._ubridge_send(f'tc reset "{host_ifc}"')
         except UbridgeError as e:
@@ -2192,6 +2300,9 @@ class DockerVM(BaseNode):
             # clean. Everything else is a real failure and must surface.
             if "No such file" not in str(e):
                 raise
+        if not parts:
+            return
+        await self._ubridge_send('tc netem set "{ifc}" {params}'.format(ifc=host_ifc, params=" ".join(parts)))
 
     async def _ubridge_tc_capabilities(self):
         """