diff --git a/tests/controller/test_compute.py b/tests/controller/test_compute.py
index 9a05e7c27..4fb3e9f7e 100644
--- a/tests/controller/test_compute.py
+++ b/tests/controller/test_compute.py
@@ -400,7 +400,7 @@ async def test_downloadFile(project, compute):
     with asyncio_patch("aiohttp.ClientSession.request", return_value=response) as mock:
         await compute.download_file(project, "test/titi")
     mock.assert_called_with(
-        "GET", "https://example.com:84/v3/compute/projects/{}/files/test/titi".format(project.id), auth=None
+        "GET", f"https://example.com:84/v3/compute/projects/{project.id}/files/test/titi", auth=None
     )
     await compute.close()
 
@@ -492,7 +492,7 @@ async def test_list_files(project, compute):
         assert await compute.list_files(project) == res
         mock.assert_any_call(
             "GET",
-            "https://example.com:84/v3/compute/projects/{}/files".format(project.id),
+            f"https://example.com:84/v3/compute/projects/{project.id}/files",
             headers={"content-type": "application/json"},
             data=None,
             auth=None,
diff --git a/tests/controller/test_node.py b/tests/controller/test_node.py
index 717537a37..b80aa50c1 100644
--- a/tests/controller/test_node.py
+++ b/tests/controller/test_node.py
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ async def test_create(node, compute):
 
     assert await node.create() is True
     data = {"console": 2048, "console_type": "vnc", "node_id": node.id, "startup_script": "echo test", "name": "demo"}
-    compute.post.assert_called_with("/projects/{}/vpcs/nodes".format(node.project.id), data=data, timeout=1200)
+    compute.post.assert_called_with(f"/projects/{node.project.id}/vpcs/nodes", data=data, timeout=1200)
     assert node._console == 2048
     assert node._properties == {"startup_script": "echo test"}
 
@@ -359,7 +359,7 @@ async def test_create_image_missing_kept_in_degraded_state(project, compute, tmp
 
     async def resp(*args, **kwargs):
         raise ComputeConflictError(
-            "/projects/{}/qemu/nodes".format(project.id),
+            f"/projects/{project.id}/qemu/nodes",
             {"message": "The image is missing", "image": "missing.qcow2", "exception": "ImageMissingError"},
         )
 
@@ -390,7 +390,7 @@ async def test_create_image_missing_raises_by_default(project, compute, tmpdir,
 
     async def resp(*args, **kwargs):
         raise ComputeConflictError(
-            "/projects/{}/qemu/nodes".format(project.id),
+            f"/projects/{project.id}/qemu/nodes",
             {"message": "The image is missing", "image": "missing.qcow2", "exception": "ImageMissingError"},
         )
 
@@ -513,7 +513,7 @@ async def test_create_docker_image_missing_after_failed_pull(project, compute):
 
     async def resp(*args, **kwargs):
         raise ComputeConflictError(
-            "/projects/{}/docker/nodes".format(project.id),
+            f"/projects/{project.id}/docker/nodes",
             {"message": "The image is missing", "image": "ghost:latest", "exception": "ImageMissingError"},
         )
 
@@ -544,7 +544,7 @@ async def test_create_docker_image_missing_pull_error_raises_by_default(project,
 
     async def resp(*args, **kwargs):
         raise ComputeConflictError(
-            "/projects/{}/docker/nodes".format(project.id),
+            f"/projects/{project.id}/docker/nodes",
             {"message": "The image is missing", "image": "ghost:latest", "exception": "ImageMissingError"},
         )
 
@@ -714,7 +714,7 @@ async def test_create_base_script(node, config, compute, tmpdir):
         "name": "demo",
     }
 
-    compute.post.assert_called_with("/projects/{}/vpcs/nodes".format(node.project.id), data=data, timeout=1200)
+    compute.post.assert_called_with(f"/projects/{node.project.id}/vpcs/nodes", data=data, timeout=1200)
 
 
 def test_symbol(node, symbols_dir):
@@ -779,7 +779,7 @@ async def test_update(node, compute, project, controller):
 
     await node.update(x=42, console=2048, console_type="vnc", properties={"startup_script": "echo test"}, name="demo")
     data = {"console": 2048, "console_type": "vnc", "startup_script": "echo test", "name": "demo"}
-    compute.put.assert_called_with("/projects/{}/vpcs/nodes/{}".format(node.project.id, node.id), data=data)
+    compute.put.assert_called_with(f"/projects/{node.project.id}/vpcs/nodes/{node.id}", data=data)
     assert node._console == 2048
     assert node.x == 42
     assert node._properties == {"startup_script": "echo test"}
@@ -799,7 +799,7 @@ async def test_update_properties(node, compute, controller):
 
     await node.update(x=42, console=2048, console_type="vnc", properties={"startup_script": "hello world"}, name="demo")
     data = {"console": 2048, "console_type": "vnc", "startup_script": "hello world", "name": "demo"}
-    compute.put.assert_called_with("/projects/{}/vpcs/nodes/{}".format(node.project.id, node.id), data=data)
+    compute.put.assert_called_with(f"/projects/{node.project.id}/vpcs/nodes/{node.id}", data=data)
     assert node._console == 2048
     assert node.x == 42
     assert node._properties == {"startup_script": "echo test"}
@@ -933,7 +933,7 @@ async def test_start(node, compute):
     compute.post = AsyncioMagicMock()
 
     await node.start()
-    compute.post.assert_called_with("/projects/{}/vpcs/nodes/{}/start".format(node.project.id, node.id), timeout=240)
+    compute.post.assert_called_with(f"/projects/{node.project.id}/vpcs/nodes/{node.id}/start", timeout=240)
 
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
@@ -949,7 +949,7 @@ async def test_start_iou(compute, project, controller):
     controller._iou_license_settings = {"license_check": True, "iourc_content": "aa"}
     await node.start()
     compute.post.assert_called_with(
-        "/projects/{}/iou/nodes/{}/start".format(node.project.id, node.id),
+        f"/projects/{node.project.id}/iou/nodes/{node.id}/start",
         timeout=240,
         data={"license_check": True, "iourc_content": "aa"},
     )
@@ -962,7 +962,7 @@ async def test_stop(node, compute):
 
     await node.stop()
     compute.post.assert_called_with(
-        "/projects/{}/vpcs/nodes/{}/stop".format(node.project.id, node.id), timeout=240, dont_connect=True
+        f"/projects/{node.project.id}/vpcs/nodes/{node.id}/stop", timeout=240, dont_connect=True
     )
 
 
@@ -971,7 +971,7 @@ async def test_suspend(node, compute):
 
     compute.post = AsyncioMagicMock()
     await node.suspend()
-    compute.post.assert_called_with("/projects/{}/vpcs/nodes/{}/suspend".format(node.project.id, node.id), timeout=240)
+    compute.post.assert_called_with(f"/projects/{node.project.id}/vpcs/nodes/{node.id}/suspend", timeout=240)
 
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
@@ -979,7 +979,7 @@ async def test_reload(node, compute):
 
     compute.post = AsyncioMagicMock()
     await node.reload()
-    compute.post.assert_called_with("/projects/{}/vpcs/nodes/{}/reload".format(node.project.id, node.id), timeout=240)
+    compute.post.assert_called_with(f"/projects/{node.project.id}/vpcs/nodes/{node.id}/reload", timeout=240)
 
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
@@ -994,7 +994,7 @@ async def test_create_without_console(node, compute):
 
     await node.create()
     data = {"console_type": "vnc", "node_id": node.id, "startup_script": "echo test", "name": "demo"}
-    compute.post.assert_called_with("/projects/{}/vpcs/nodes".format(node.project.id), data=data, timeout=1200)
+    compute.post.assert_called_with(f"/projects/{node.project.id}/vpcs/nodes", data=data, timeout=1200)
     assert node._console == 2048
     assert node._properties == {"test_value": "success", "startup_script": "echo test"}
 
@@ -1003,21 +1003,21 @@ async def test_create_without_console(node, compute):
 async def test_delete(node, compute):
 
     await node.destroy()
-    compute.delete.assert_called_with("/projects/{}/vpcs/nodes/{}".format(node.project.id, node.id))
+    compute.delete.assert_called_with(f"/projects/{node.project.id}/vpcs/nodes/{node.id}")
 
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_post(node, compute):
 
     await node.post("/test", {"a": "b"})
-    compute.post.assert_called_with("/projects/{}/vpcs/nodes/{}/test".format(node.project.id, node.id), data={"a": "b"})
+    compute.post.assert_called_with(f"/projects/{node.project.id}/vpcs/nodes/{node.id}/test", data={"a": "b"})
 
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_delete(node, compute):
 
     await node.delete("/test")
-    compute.delete.assert_called_with("/projects/{}/vpcs/nodes/{}/test".format(node.project.id, node.id))
+    compute.delete.assert_called_with(f"/projects/{node.project.id}/vpcs/nodes/{node.id}/test")
 
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
@@ -1028,9 +1028,7 @@ async def test_dynamips_idle_pc(node, compute):
     response.json = {"idlepc": "0x60606f54"}
     compute.get = AsyncioMagicMock(return_value=response)
     await node.dynamips_auto_idlepc()
-    compute.get.assert_called_with(
-        "/projects/{}/dynamips/nodes/{}/auto_idlepc".format(node.project.id, node.id), timeout=240
-    )
+    compute.get.assert_called_with(f"/projects/{node.project.id}/dynamips/nodes/{node.id}/auto_idlepc", timeout=240)
 
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
@@ -1042,7 +1040,7 @@ async def test_dynamips_idlepc_proposals(node, compute):
     compute.get = AsyncioMagicMock(return_value=response)
     await node.dynamips_idlepc_proposals()
     compute.get.assert_called_with(
-        "/projects/{}/dynamips/nodes/{}/idlepc_proposals".format(node.project.id, node.id), timeout=240
+        f"/projects/{node.project.id}/dynamips/nodes/{node.id}/idlepc_proposals", timeout=240
     )
 
 
diff --git a/tests/controller/test_project.py b/tests/controller/test_project.py
index 4c87119fb..92d51cd82 100644
--- a/tests/controller/test_project.py
+++ b/tests/controller/test_project.py
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ async def test_update_on_compute(controller):
     project._project_created_on_compute = [compute]
     project.emit_notification = MagicMock()
     await project.update(variables=variables)
-    compute.put.assert_any_call("/projects/{}".format(project.id), {"variables": variables})
+    compute.put.assert_any_call(f"/projects/{project.id}", {"variables": variables})
 
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ async def test_add_node_local(controller):
         },
     )
     compute.post.assert_any_call(
-        "/projects/{}/vpcs/nodes".format(project.id),
+        f"/projects/{project.id}/vpcs/nodes",
         data={"node_id": node.id, "startup_script": "test.cfg", "name": "test"},
         timeout=1200,
     )
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ async def test_add_node_non_local(controller):
 
     compute.post.assert_any_call("/projects", data={"name": project._name, "project_id": project._id})
     compute.post.assert_any_call(
-        "/projects/{}/vpcs/nodes".format(project.id),
+        f"/projects/{project.id}/vpcs/nodes",
         data={"node_id": node.id, "startup_script": "test.cfg", "name": "test"},
         timeout=1200,
     )
@@ -448,7 +448,7 @@ async def test_add_node_iou_no_id_available(controller):
     with pytest.raises(ControllerError):
         for i in range(1, 513):
             prop = {"properties": {"application_id": i}}
-            project._nodes[i] = Node(project, compute, "Node{}".format(i), node_id=i, node_type="iou", **prop)
+            project._nodes[i] = Node(project, compute, f"Node{i}", node_id=i, node_type="iou", **prop)
         await project.add_node(compute, "test1", None, node_type="iou")
 
 
@@ -538,7 +538,7 @@ async def test_delete_node(controller):
     await project.delete_node(node.id)
     assert node.id not in project._nodes
 
-    compute.delete.assert_any_call("/projects/{}/vpcs/nodes/{}".format(project.id, node.id))
+    compute.delete.assert_any_call(f"/projects/{project.id}/vpcs/nodes/{node.id}")
     project.emit_notification.assert_any_call("node.deleted", node.asdict())
 
 
@@ -585,7 +585,7 @@ async def test_delete_node_delete_link(controller):
     assert node.id not in project._nodes
     assert link.id not in project._links
 
-    compute.delete.assert_any_call("/projects/{}/vpcs/nodes/{}".format(project.id, node.id))
+    compute.delete.assert_any_call(f"/projects/{project.id}/vpcs/nodes/{node.id}")
     project.emit_notification.assert_any_call("node.deleted", node.asdict())
     project.emit_notification.assert_any_call("link.deleted", link.asdict())
 
diff --git a/tests/controller/test_udp_link.py b/tests/controller/test_udp_link.py
index 4a055ae8a..032bff079 100644
--- a/tests/controller/test_udp_link.py
+++ b/tests/controller/test_udp_link.py
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ async def test_create(project):
     await link.add_node(node2, 3, 1)
 
     compute1.post.assert_any_call(
-        "/projects/{}/vpcs/nodes/{}/adapters/0/ports/4/nio".format(project.id, node1.id),
+        f"/projects/{project.id}/vpcs/nodes/{node1.id}/adapters/0/ports/4/nio",
         data={
             "lport": 1024,
             "rhost": "192.168.1.2",
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ async def test_create(project):
     )
 
     compute2.post.assert_any_call(
-        "/projects/{}/vpcs/nodes/{}/adapters/3/ports/1/nio".format(project.id, node2.id),
+        f"/projects/{project.id}/vpcs/nodes/{node2.id}/adapters/3/ports/1/nio",
         data={
             "lport": 2048,
             "rhost": "192.168.1.1",
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ async def test_create_one_side_failure(project):
         await link.add_node(node2, 3, 1)
 
     compute1.post.assert_any_call(
-        "/projects/{}/vpcs/nodes/{}/adapters/0/ports/4/nio".format(project.id, node1.id),
+        f"/projects/{project.id}/vpcs/nodes/{node1.id}/adapters/0/ports/4/nio",
         data={
             "lport": 1024,
             "rhost": "192.168.1.2",
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ async def test_create_one_side_failure(project):
     )
 
     compute2.post.assert_any_call(
-        "/projects/{}/vpcs/nodes/{}/adapters/3/ports/1/nio".format(project.id, node2.id),
+        f"/projects/{project.id}/vpcs/nodes/{node2.id}/adapters/3/ports/1/nio",
         data={
             "lport": 2048,
             "rhost": "192.168.1.1",
@@ -179,9 +179,7 @@ async def test_create_one_side_failure(project):
         timeout=120,
     )
     # The link creation has failed we rollback the nio
-    compute1.delete.assert_any_call(
-        "/projects/{}/vpcs/nodes/{}/adapters/0/ports/4/nio".format(project.id, node1.id), timeout=120
-    )
+    compute1.delete.assert_any_call(f"/projects/{project.id}/vpcs/nodes/{node1.id}/adapters/0/ports/4/nio", timeout=120)
 
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
@@ -202,12 +200,8 @@ async def test_delete(project):
 
     await link.delete()
 
-    compute1.delete.assert_any_call(
-        "/projects/{}/vpcs/nodes/{}/adapters/0/ports/4/nio".format(project.id, node1.id), timeout=120
-    )
-    compute2.delete.assert_any_call(
-        "/projects/{}/vpcs/nodes/{}/adapters/3/ports/1/nio".format(project.id, node2.id), timeout=120
-    )
+    compute1.delete.assert_any_call(f"/projects/{project.id}/vpcs/nodes/{node1.id}/adapters/0/ports/4/nio", timeout=120)
+    compute2.delete.assert_any_call(f"/projects/{project.id}/vpcs/nodes/{node2.id}/adapters/3/ports/1/nio", timeout=120)
 
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
@@ -310,7 +304,7 @@ async def test_reset(project):
     assert link.debug_link_data[1]["lport"] != link.debug_link_data[1]["rport"]
     # the committed NIO carries the fresh pair, not the released one
     compute1.post.assert_any_call(
-        "/projects/{}/vpcs/nodes/{}/adapters/0/ports/4/nio".format(project.id, node1.id),
+        f"/projects/{project.id}/vpcs/nodes/{node1.id}/adapters/0/ports/4/nio",
         data={
             "lport": 4096,
             "rhost": "192.168.1.2",
@@ -401,16 +395,14 @@ async def test_capture(project):
     assert link.capturing
 
     compute1.post.assert_any_call(
-        "/projects/{}/vpcs/nodes/{}/adapters/0/ports/4/capture/start".format(project.id, node_vpcs.id),
+        f"/projects/{project.id}/vpcs/nodes/{node_vpcs.id}/adapters/0/ports/4/capture/start",
         data={"capture_file_name": link.default_capture_file_name(), "data_link_type": "DLT_EN10MB"},
     )
 
     await link.stop_capture()
     assert link.capturing is False
 
-    compute1.post.assert_any_call(
-        "/projects/{}/vpcs/nodes/{}/adapters/0/ports/4/capture/stop".format(project.id, node_vpcs.id)
-    )
+    compute1.post.assert_any_call(f"/projects/{project.id}/vpcs/nodes/{node_vpcs.id}/adapters/0/ports/4/capture/stop")
 
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
@@ -483,7 +475,7 @@ async def test_update(project):
     await link.add_node(node2, 3, 1)
 
     compute1.post.assert_any_call(
-        "/projects/{}/vpcs/nodes/{}/adapters/0/ports/4/nio".format(project.id, node1.id),
+        f"/projects/{project.id}/vpcs/nodes/{node1.id}/adapters/0/ports/4/nio",
         data={
             "lport": 1024,
             "rhost": "192.168.1.2",
@@ -497,7 +489,7 @@ async def test_update(project):
     )
 
     compute2.post.assert_any_call(
-        "/projects/{}/vpcs/nodes/{}/adapters/3/ports/1/nio".format(project.id, node2.id),
+        f"/projects/{project.id}/vpcs/nodes/{node2.id}/adapters/3/ports/1/nio",
         data={
             "lport": 2048,
             "rhost": "192.168.1.1",
@@ -513,7 +505,7 @@ async def test_update(project):
     assert link.created
     await link.update_filters({"frequency_drop": [5], "bpf": ["icmp[icmptype] == 8"]})
     compute1.put.assert_any_call(
-        "/projects/{}/vpcs/nodes/{}/adapters/0/ports/4/nio".format(project.id, node1.id),
+        f"/projects/{project.id}/vpcs/nodes/{node1.id}/adapters/0/ports/4/nio",
         data={
             "lport": 1024,
             "rhost": "192.168.1.2",
@@ -563,7 +555,7 @@ async def test_update_ethernet_switch_nio(project):
 
     await link.update_filters({"delay": [10, 0]})
     compute1.put.assert_any_call(
-        "/projects/{}/ethernet_switch/nodes/{}/adapters/3/ports/1/nio".format(project.id, node_switch.id),
+        f"/projects/{project.id}/ethernet_switch/nodes/{node_switch.id}/adapters/3/ports/1/nio",
         data={
             "lport": 1024,
             "rhost": "192.168.1.1",
@@ -625,7 +617,7 @@ async def test_update_suspend(project):
     await link.add_node(node2, 3, 1)
 
     compute1.post.assert_any_call(
-        "/projects/{}/vpcs/nodes/{}/adapters/0/ports/4/nio".format(project.id, node1.id),
+        f"/projects/{project.id}/vpcs/nodes/{node1.id}/adapters/0/ports/4/nio",
         data={
             "lport": 1024,
             "rhost": "192.168.1.2",
@@ -639,7 +631,7 @@ async def test_update_suspend(project):
     )
 
     compute2.post.assert_any_call(
-        "/projects/{}/vpcs/nodes/{}/adapters/3/ports/1/nio".format(project.id, node2.id),
+        f"/projects/{project.id}/vpcs/nodes/{node2.id}/adapters/3/ports/1/nio",
         data={
             "lport": 2048,
             "rhost": "192.168.1.1",