From 9e5ab021473c25fc39b4d92cab88616a4d12dac1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Mark Paronyan <markparonian@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 30 Sep 2026 20:45:42 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 01/18] style: remove unused noqa directives

---
 gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/agent/context_manager.py |  4 ++--
 .../agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/config_tools_nornir.py |  2 +-
 .../gns3_copilot/tools_v2/display_tools_nornir.py      |  2 +-
 .../agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/vpcs_tools_netmiko.py  |  2 +-
 .../gns3_copilot/utils/custom_netmiko/__init__.py      |  6 +++---
 .../utils/custom_netmiko/tests/test_huawei_ce.py       |  2 +-
 .../utils/custom_netmiko/tests/test_ruijie_telnet.py   |  4 ++--
 .../utils/custom_netmiko/tests/test_vpcs_telnet.py     | 10 +++++-----
 .../agent/gns3_copilot/utils/gns3_drawing_utils.py     |  6 +++---
 gns3server/api/routes/controller/netmiko.py            |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 20 insertions(+), 20 deletions(-)

diff --git a/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/agent/context_manager.py b/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/agent/context_manager.py
index 5337c3d95..419e7785c 100644
--- a/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/agent/context_manager.py
+++ b/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/agent/context_manager.py
@@ -391,10 +391,10 @@ def create_pre_model_hook(
         max_tokens_for_trim = max_input_tokens - tool_tokens
 
         # Validate budget and provide actionable warnings
-        if system_tokens + tool_tokens > max_input_tokens:  # noqa: E501
+        if system_tokens + tool_tokens > max_input_tokens:
             logger.error(
                 "System prompt (%d tokens) + tools (%d tokens) EXCEED input "
-                "budget (%d tokens). This will likely cause LLM call failures. "  # noqa: E501
+                "budget (%d tokens). This will likely cause LLM call failures. "
                 "Recommendations: 1) Reduce system prompt length, 2) Reduce "
                 "number of tools, 3) Use a model with larger context window, "
                 "or 4) Switch to 'conservative' strategy.",
diff --git a/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/config_tools_nornir.py b/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/config_tools_nornir.py
index ed15f0589..6b96e6202 100644
--- a/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/config_tools_nornir.py
+++ b/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/config_tools_nornir.py
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ from gns3server.agent.gns3_copilot.utils.command_filter import (
 # Import custom Netmiko device types for GNS3 emulation
 # This registers gns3_huawei_telnet_ce and other custom device types
 # NOTE: Must be imported BEFORE any Nornir operations to ensure device types are registered
-from gns3server.agent.gns3_copilot.utils import custom_netmiko  # noqa: F401
+from gns3server.agent.gns3_copilot.utils import custom_netmiko
 
 # Explicitly register custom device types to ensure they are available
 # This is a safety measure in case the auto-registration on import doesn't work
diff --git a/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/display_tools_nornir.py b/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/display_tools_nornir.py
index a8eb41bc4..206ca10ea 100644
--- a/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/display_tools_nornir.py
+++ b/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/display_tools_nornir.py
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ from gns3server.agent.gns3_copilot.utils.command_filter import (
 # Import custom Netmiko device types for GNS3 emulation
 # This registers gns3_huawei_telnet_ce and other custom device types
 # NOTE: Must be imported BEFORE any Nornir operations to ensure device types are registered
-from gns3server.agent.gns3_copilot.utils import custom_netmiko  # noqa: F401
+from gns3server.agent.gns3_copilot.utils import custom_netmiko
 
 # Explicitly register custom device types to ensure they are available
 # This is a safety measure in case the auto-registration on import doesn't work
diff --git a/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/vpcs_tools_netmiko.py b/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/vpcs_tools_netmiko.py
index 1315730c7..d9186d2d4 100644
--- a/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/vpcs_tools_netmiko.py
+++ b/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/vpcs_tools_netmiko.py
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ from gns3server.agent.gns3_copilot.utils import get_device_ports_from_topology
 # Import custom Netmiko device types for GNS3 emulation
 # This registers gns3_vpcs_telnet and other custom device types
 # NOTE: Must be imported BEFORE any Nornir operations to ensure device types are registered
-from gns3server.agent.gns3_copilot.utils import custom_netmiko  # noqa: F401
+from gns3server.agent.gns3_copilot.utils import custom_netmiko
 
 # Explicitly register VPCS device type to ensure it is available
 try:
diff --git a/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/utils/custom_netmiko/__init__.py b/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/utils/custom_netmiko/__init__.py
index 1aea7adf8..9cad247ca 100644
--- a/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/utils/custom_netmiko/__init__.py
+++ b/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/utils/custom_netmiko/__init__.py
@@ -61,17 +61,17 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 # Import all custom drivers (auto-registers them with Netmiko)
 try:
-    from . import huawei_ce  # noqa: F401
+    from . import huawei_ce
 except Exception as e:
     logger.warning(f"Failed to import Huawei CE driver: {e}", exc_info=True)
 
 try:
-    from .ruijie_telnet import RuijieTelnetEnhanced  # noqa: F401
+    from .ruijie_telnet import RuijieTelnetEnhanced
 except Exception as e:
     logger.warning(f"Failed to import Ruijie driver: {e}", exc_info=True)
 
 try:
-    from . import vpcs_telnet  # noqa: F401
+    from . import vpcs_telnet
 except Exception as e:
     logger.warning(f"Failed to import VPCS driver: {e}", exc_info=True)
 
diff --git a/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/utils/custom_netmiko/tests/test_huawei_ce.py b/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/utils/custom_netmiko/tests/test_huawei_ce.py
index c6b6db344..62343c3ef 100644
--- a/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/utils/custom_netmiko/tests/test_huawei_ce.py
+++ b/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/utils/custom_netmiko/tests/test_huawei_ce.py
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ class TestHuaweiTelnetCEIntegration(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_mock_telnet_connection(self):
         """Test telnet_login logic with mocked connection."""
-        from gns3server.agent.gns3_copilot.utils.custom_netmiko.huawei_ce import (  # noqa: E501
+        from gns3server.agent.gns3_copilot.utils.custom_netmiko.huawei_ce import (
             GNS3HuaweiTelnetCE,
         )
 
diff --git a/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/utils/custom_netmiko/tests/test_ruijie_telnet.py b/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/utils/custom_netmiko/tests/test_ruijie_telnet.py
index dfef81823..adfbafea2 100644
--- a/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/utils/custom_netmiko/tests/test_ruijie_telnet.py
+++ b/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/utils/custom_netmiko/tests/test_ruijie_telnet.py
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ class TestRuijieTelnetEnhancedIntegration(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_send_config_set_calls_preprocess(self):
         """Test that send_config_set calls preprocessing."""
-        from gns3server.agent.gns3_copilot.utils.custom_netmiko.ruijie_telnet import (  # noqa: E501
+        from gns3server.agent.gns3_copilot.utils.custom_netmiko.ruijie_telnet import (
             RuijieTelnetEnhanced,
         )
 
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ class TestRuijieTelnetEnhancedIntegration(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_multiple_interactive_patterns(self):
         """Test that multiple interactive commands are detected."""
-        from gns3server.agent.gns3_copilot.utils.custom_netmiko.ruijie_telnet import (  # noqa: E501
+        from gns3server.agent.gns3_copilot.utils.custom_netmiko.ruijie_telnet import (
             RuijieTelnetEnhanced,
         )
 
diff --git a/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/utils/custom_netmiko/tests/test_vpcs_telnet.py b/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/utils/custom_netmiko/tests/test_vpcs_telnet.py
index 4659465cd..f24565d85 100644
--- a/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/utils/custom_netmiko/tests/test_vpcs_telnet.py
+++ b/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/utils/custom_netmiko/tests/test_vpcs_telnet.py
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ class TestVPCSTelnetInit(unittest.TestCase):
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
         """Set up test fixtures."""
-        from gns3server.agent.gns3_copilot.utils.custom_netmiko.vpcs_telnet import (  # noqa: E501
+        from gns3server.agent.gns3_copilot.utils.custom_netmiko.vpcs_telnet import (
             VPCSTelnet,
         )
 
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ class TestVPCSTelnetMethods(unittest.TestCase):
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
         """Set up test fixtures."""
-        from gns3server.agent.gns3_copilot.utils.custom_netmiko.vpcs_telnet import (  # noqa: E501
+        from gns3server.agent.gns3_copilot.utils.custom_netmiko.vpcs_telnet import (
             VPCSTelnet,
         )
 
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ class TestVPCSTelnetSendCommand(unittest.TestCase):
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
         """Set up test fixtures."""
-        from gns3server.agent.gns3_copilot.utils.custom_netmiko.vpcs_telnet import (  # noqa: E501
+        from gns3server.agent.gns3_copilot.utils.custom_netmiko.vpcs_telnet import (
             VPCSTelnet,
         )
 
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ class TestVPCSTelnetTelnetLogin(unittest.TestCase):
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
         """Set up test fixtures."""
-        from gns3server.agent.gns3_copilot.utils.custom_netmiko.vpcs_telnet import (  # noqa: E501
+        from gns3server.agent.gns3_copilot.utils.custom_netmiko.vpcs_telnet import (
             VPCSTelnet,
         )
 
@@ -353,7 +353,7 @@ class TestVPCSTelnetAnsiStripping(unittest.TestCase):
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
         """Set up test fixtures."""
-        from gns3server.agent.gns3_copilot.utils.custom_netmiko.vpcs_telnet import (  # noqa: E501
+        from gns3server.agent.gns3_copilot.utils.custom_netmiko.vpcs_telnet import (
             VPCSTelnet,
         )
 
diff --git a/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/utils/gns3_drawing_utils.py b/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/utils/gns3_drawing_utils.py
index a28278744..4fa48ee7d 100644
--- a/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/utils/gns3_drawing_utils.py
+++ b/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/utils/gns3_drawing_utils.py
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ def generate_ellipse_svg(
     svg_height: int,
 ) -> str:
     """Generate SVG for ellipse."""
-    return f"""<svg width="{svg_width}" height="{svg_height}"><ellipse cx="{rx}" cy="{ry}" rx="{rx}" ry="{ry}" fill="{color_scheme["fill"]}" fill-opacity="{color_scheme["fill_opacity"]}"/></svg>"""  # noqa: E501
+    return f"""<svg width="{svg_width}" height="{svg_height}"><ellipse cx="{rx}" cy="{ry}" rx="{rx}" ry="{ry}" fill="{color_scheme["fill"]}" fill-opacity="{color_scheme["fill_opacity"]}"/></svg>"""
 
 
 def generate_rectangle_svg(
@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ def generate_rectangle_svg(
     color_scheme: dict[str, Any],
 ) -> str:
     """Generate SVG for rectangle."""
-    return f"""<svg width="{width}" height="{height}"><rect x="0" y="0" width="{width}" height="{height}" fill="{color_scheme["fill"]}" fill-opacity="{color_scheme["fill_opacity"]}"/></svg>"""  # noqa: E501
+    return f"""<svg width="{width}" height="{height}"><rect x="0" y="0" width="{width}" height="{height}" fill="{color_scheme["fill"]}" fill-opacity="{color_scheme["fill_opacity"]}"/></svg>"""
 
 
 def generate_text_svg(text: str, color_scheme: dict[str, Any]) -> str:
@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ def generate_text_svg(text: str, color_scheme: dict[str, Any]) -> str:
     text_width = len(text) * 8 + 20
     text_height = DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE + 16
 
-    return f"""<svg width="{text_width}" height="{text_height}"><text font-family="TypeWriter" font-size="{DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE}.0" font-weight="bold" fill="{color_scheme["stroke"]}" text-anchor="middle" x="{text_width / 2}" y="{text_height / 2 + 4}">{text}</text></svg>"""  # noqa: E501
+    return f"""<svg width="{text_width}" height="{text_height}"><text font-family="TypeWriter" font-size="{DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE}.0" font-weight="bold" fill="{color_scheme["stroke"]}" text-anchor="middle" x="{text_width / 2}" y="{text_height / 2 + 4}">{text}</text></svg>"""
 
 
 def _hsv_to_hex(h: int, s: int, v: int) -> str:
diff --git a/gns3server/api/routes/controller/netmiko.py b/gns3server/api/routes/controller/netmiko.py
index 827ac751c..44c9c9f42 100644
--- a/gns3server/api/routes/controller/netmiko.py
+++ b/gns3server/api/routes/controller/netmiko.py
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ def _load_netmiko_device_types() -> schemas.NetmikoDeviceTypeList:
     # imported them yet); failures are logged by the package itself, do not
     # fail the whole endpoint.
     try:
-        from gns3server.agent.gns3_copilot.utils import custom_netmiko  # noqa: F401
+        from gns3server.agent.gns3_copilot.utils import custom_netmiko
     except Exception as e:
         log.warning(f"Could not register GNS3-copilot custom Netmiko drivers: {e}")
 

From 06e98f8b5561cca01451ae4669b71cb83086439e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Mark Paronyan <markparonian@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 30 Sep 2026 20:45:43 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 02/18] style: drop redundant utf-8 coding declarations

---
 gns3server/controller/appliance_to_template.py         | 1 -
 scripts/welcome.py                                     | 1 -
 tests/api/routes/compute/test_capabilities.py          | 1 -
 tests/api/routes/compute/test_cloud_nodes.py           | 1 -
 tests/api/routes/compute/test_compute.py               | 1 -
 tests/api/routes/compute/test_docker_nodes.py          | 1 -
 tests/api/routes/compute/test_dynamips_nodes.py        | 1 -
 tests/api/routes/compute/test_ethernet_switch_nodes.py | 1 -
 tests/api/routes/compute/test_iou_nodes.py             | 1 -
 tests/api/routes/compute/test_nat_nodes.py             | 1 -
 tests/api/routes/compute/test_projects.py              | 1 -
 tests/api/routes/compute/test_qemu_nodes.py            | 1 -
 tests/api/routes/compute/test_virtualbox_nodes.py      | 1 -
 tests/api/routes/compute/test_vmware_nodes.py          | 1 -
 tests/api/routes/compute/test_vpcs_nodes.py            | 1 -
 tests/api/routes/controller/test_drawings.py           | 1 -
 tests/api/routes/controller/test_gns3vm.py             | 1 -
 tests/api/routes/controller/test_links.py              | 1 -
 tests/api/routes/controller/test_markers.py            | 1 -
 tests/api/routes/controller/test_nodes.py              | 1 -
 tests/api/routes/controller/test_projects.py           | 1 -
 tests/api/routes/controller/test_settings.py           | 1 -
 tests/api/routes/controller/test_symbols.py            | 1 -
 tests/api/routes/controller/test_version.py            | 1 -
 tests/api/routes/test_index.py                         | 1 -
 tests/api/routes/test_routes.py                        | 1 -
 tests/compute/docker/test_docker_vm.py                 | 1 -
 tests/compute/dynamips/test_dynamips_manager.py        | 1 -
 tests/compute/dynamips/test_dynamips_router.py         | 1 -
 tests/compute/iou/test_iou_vm.py                       | 1 -
 tests/compute/qemu/test_qemu_manager.py                | 1 -
 tests/compute/qemu/test_qemu_vm.py                     | 1 -
 tests/compute/test_base_node.py                        | 1 -
 tests/compute/test_manager.py                          | 1 -
 tests/compute/test_port_manager.py                     | 1 -
 tests/compute/test_project.py                          | 1 -
 tests/compute/test_project_manager.py                  | 1 -
 tests/compute/virtualbox/test_virtualbox_manager.py    | 1 -
 tests/compute/virtualbox/test_virtualbox_vm.py         | 1 -
 tests/compute/vmware/test_vmware_manager.py            | 1 -
 tests/compute/vmware/test_vmware_vm.py                 | 1 -
 tests/compute/vpcs/test_vpcs_manager.py                | 1 -
 tests/compute/vpcs/test_vpcs_vm.py                     | 1 -
 tests/controller/test_project.py                       | 1 -
 tests/test_config.py                                   | 1 -
 tests/test_server.py                                   | 1 -
 tests/utils.py                                         | 1 -
 tests/utils/test_asyncio.py                            | 1 -
 tests/utils/test_hostname.py                           | 1 -
 tests/utils/test_images.py                             | 1 -
 tests/utils/test_interfaces.py                         | 1 -
 51 files changed, 51 deletions(-)

diff --git a/gns3server/controller/appliance_to_template.py b/gns3server/controller/appliance_to_template.py
index b848e56d8..e78eaf56f 100644
--- a/gns3server/controller/appliance_to_template.py
+++ b/gns3server/controller/appliance_to_template.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 #
 # Copyright (C) 2021 GNS3 Technologies Inc.
 #
diff --git a/scripts/welcome.py b/scripts/welcome.py
index dc3d5907f..277a35138 100644
--- a/scripts/welcome.py
+++ b/scripts/welcome.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 #
 # Copyright (C) 2015 GNS3 Technologies Inc.
 #
diff --git a/tests/api/routes/compute/test_capabilities.py b/tests/api/routes/compute/test_capabilities.py
index 09d4186eb..9a285c7bc 100644
--- a/tests/api/routes/compute/test_capabilities.py
+++ b/tests/api/routes/compute/test_capabilities.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 #
 # Copyright (C) 2020 GNS3 Technologies Inc.
 #
diff --git a/tests/api/routes/compute/test_cloud_nodes.py b/tests/api/routes/compute/test_cloud_nodes.py
index 05949e5e6..01a32ec36 100644
--- a/tests/api/routes/compute/test_cloud_nodes.py
+++ b/tests/api/routes/compute/test_cloud_nodes.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 #
 # Copyright (C) 2020 GNS3 Technologies Inc.
 #
diff --git a/tests/api/routes/compute/test_compute.py b/tests/api/routes/compute/test_compute.py
index 0edb27aa6..1a9579b77 100644
--- a/tests/api/routes/compute/test_compute.py
+++ b/tests/api/routes/compute/test_compute.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 #
 # Copyright (C) 2020 GNS3 Technologies Inc.
 #
diff --git a/tests/api/routes/compute/test_docker_nodes.py b/tests/api/routes/compute/test_docker_nodes.py
index fecc0ef56..e16fb422c 100644
--- a/tests/api/routes/compute/test_docker_nodes.py
+++ b/tests/api/routes/compute/test_docker_nodes.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 #
 # Copyright (C) 2020 GNS3 Technologies Inc.
 #
diff --git a/tests/api/routes/compute/test_dynamips_nodes.py b/tests/api/routes/compute/test_dynamips_nodes.py
index a586aa508..c5d014ea6 100644
--- a/tests/api/routes/compute/test_dynamips_nodes.py
+++ b/tests/api/routes/compute/test_dynamips_nodes.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 #
 # Copyright (C) 2020 GNS3 Technologies Inc.
 #
diff --git a/tests/api/routes/compute/test_ethernet_switch_nodes.py b/tests/api/routes/compute/test_ethernet_switch_nodes.py
index f552b8c21..cc046e3ef 100644
--- a/tests/api/routes/compute/test_ethernet_switch_nodes.py
+++ b/tests/api/routes/compute/test_ethernet_switch_nodes.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 #
 # Copyright (C) 2022 GNS3 Technologies Inc.
 #
diff --git a/tests/api/routes/compute/test_iou_nodes.py b/tests/api/routes/compute/test_iou_nodes.py
index 565ed3070..65c2e56db 100644
--- a/tests/api/routes/compute/test_iou_nodes.py
+++ b/tests/api/routes/compute/test_iou_nodes.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 #
 # Copyright (C) 2020 GNS3 Technologies Inc.
 #
diff --git a/tests/api/routes/compute/test_nat_nodes.py b/tests/api/routes/compute/test_nat_nodes.py
index aafa427aa..0d40cd487 100644
--- a/tests/api/routes/compute/test_nat_nodes.py
+++ b/tests/api/routes/compute/test_nat_nodes.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 #
 # Copyright (C) 2020 GNS3 Technologies Inc.
 #
diff --git a/tests/api/routes/compute/test_projects.py b/tests/api/routes/compute/test_projects.py
index 88c4b463a..2b8637d5b 100644
--- a/tests/api/routes/compute/test_projects.py
+++ b/tests/api/routes/compute/test_projects.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 #
 # Copyright (C) 2020 GNS3 Technologies Inc.
 #
diff --git a/tests/api/routes/compute/test_qemu_nodes.py b/tests/api/routes/compute/test_qemu_nodes.py
index 3f53d3538..304f330a4 100644
--- a/tests/api/routes/compute/test_qemu_nodes.py
+++ b/tests/api/routes/compute/test_qemu_nodes.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 #
 # Copyright (C) 2020 GNS3 Technologies Inc.
 #
diff --git a/tests/api/routes/compute/test_virtualbox_nodes.py b/tests/api/routes/compute/test_virtualbox_nodes.py
index e50420518..2de646193 100644
--- a/tests/api/routes/compute/test_virtualbox_nodes.py
+++ b/tests/api/routes/compute/test_virtualbox_nodes.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 #
 # Copyright (C) 2020 GNS3 Technologies Inc.
 #
diff --git a/tests/api/routes/compute/test_vmware_nodes.py b/tests/api/routes/compute/test_vmware_nodes.py
index 6b42eb61a..df485774a 100644
--- a/tests/api/routes/compute/test_vmware_nodes.py
+++ b/tests/api/routes/compute/test_vmware_nodes.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 #
 # Copyright (C) 2020 GNS3 Technologies Inc.
 #
diff --git a/tests/api/routes/compute/test_vpcs_nodes.py b/tests/api/routes/compute/test_vpcs_nodes.py
index 5b9073332..fd558d9a9 100644
--- a/tests/api/routes/compute/test_vpcs_nodes.py
+++ b/tests/api/routes/compute/test_vpcs_nodes.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 #
 # Copyright (C) 2020 GNS3 Technologies Inc.
 #
diff --git a/tests/api/routes/controller/test_drawings.py b/tests/api/routes/controller/test_drawings.py
index 2d491f863..2096df27a 100644
--- a/tests/api/routes/controller/test_drawings.py
+++ b/tests/api/routes/controller/test_drawings.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 #
 # Copyright (C) 2020 GNS3 Technologies Inc.
 #
diff --git a/tests/api/routes/controller/test_gns3vm.py b/tests/api/routes/controller/test_gns3vm.py
index 27a8b9184..bf5db4141 100644
--- a/tests/api/routes/controller/test_gns3vm.py
+++ b/tests/api/routes/controller/test_gns3vm.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 #
 # Copyright (C) 2020 GNS3 Technologies Inc.
 #
diff --git a/tests/api/routes/controller/test_links.py b/tests/api/routes/controller/test_links.py
index a81ca094b..d6af89d70 100644
--- a/tests/api/routes/controller/test_links.py
+++ b/tests/api/routes/controller/test_links.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 #
 # Copyright (C) 2020 GNS3 Technologies Inc.
 #
diff --git a/tests/api/routes/controller/test_markers.py b/tests/api/routes/controller/test_markers.py
index 2e088ed3c..54e4dc8f0 100644
--- a/tests/api/routes/controller/test_markers.py
+++ b/tests/api/routes/controller/test_markers.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 #
 # Copyright (C) 2025 GNS3 Technologies Inc.
 #
diff --git a/tests/api/routes/controller/test_nodes.py b/tests/api/routes/controller/test_nodes.py
index d86e13fe0..017e65783 100644
--- a/tests/api/routes/controller/test_nodes.py
+++ b/tests/api/routes/controller/test_nodes.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 #
 # Copyright (C) 2020 GNS3 Technologies Inc.
 #
diff --git a/tests/api/routes/controller/test_projects.py b/tests/api/routes/controller/test_projects.py
index e94b7e273..0d840a41c 100644
--- a/tests/api/routes/controller/test_projects.py
+++ b/tests/api/routes/controller/test_projects.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 #
 # Copyright (C) 2020 GNS3 Technologies Inc.
 #
diff --git a/tests/api/routes/controller/test_settings.py b/tests/api/routes/controller/test_settings.py
index 200ca9c6d..e23d0606c 100644
--- a/tests/api/routes/controller/test_settings.py
+++ b/tests/api/routes/controller/test_settings.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 #
 # Copyright (C) 2026 GNS3 Technologies Inc.
 #
diff --git a/tests/api/routes/controller/test_symbols.py b/tests/api/routes/controller/test_symbols.py
index 7c28bff26..97f80889e 100644
--- a/tests/api/routes/controller/test_symbols.py
+++ b/tests/api/routes/controller/test_symbols.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 #
 # Copyright (C) 2020 GNS3 Technologies Inc.
 #
diff --git a/tests/api/routes/controller/test_version.py b/tests/api/routes/controller/test_version.py
index f8c205744..c7220ed62 100644
--- a/tests/api/routes/controller/test_version.py
+++ b/tests/api/routes/controller/test_version.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 #
 # Copyright (C) 2020 GNS3 Technologies Inc.
 #
diff --git a/tests/api/routes/test_index.py b/tests/api/routes/test_index.py
index 9cdb09851..df3c242b1 100644
--- a/tests/api/routes/test_index.py
+++ b/tests/api/routes/test_index.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 #
 # Copyright (C) 2020 GNS3 Technologies Inc.
 #
diff --git a/tests/api/routes/test_routes.py b/tests/api/routes/test_routes.py
index 8628e427d..e43a8c557 100644
--- a/tests/api/routes/test_routes.py
+++ b/tests/api/routes/test_routes.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 #
 # Copyright (C) 2020 GNS3 Technologies Inc.
 #
diff --git a/tests/compute/docker/test_docker_vm.py b/tests/compute/docker/test_docker_vm.py
index 6e340b21d..eccf438c2 100644
--- a/tests/compute/docker/test_docker_vm.py
+++ b/tests/compute/docker/test_docker_vm.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 #
 # Copyright (C) 2020 GNS3 Technologies Inc.
 #
diff --git a/tests/compute/dynamips/test_dynamips_manager.py b/tests/compute/dynamips/test_dynamips_manager.py
index d08a10271..0d62c014b 100644
--- a/tests/compute/dynamips/test_dynamips_manager.py
+++ b/tests/compute/dynamips/test_dynamips_manager.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 #
 # Copyright (C) 2020 GNS3 Technologies Inc.
 #
diff --git a/tests/compute/dynamips/test_dynamips_router.py b/tests/compute/dynamips/test_dynamips_router.py
index 5ececc901..068bb5e9e 100644
--- a/tests/compute/dynamips/test_dynamips_router.py
+++ b/tests/compute/dynamips/test_dynamips_router.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 #
 # Copyright (C) 2020 GNS3 Technologies Inc.
 #
diff --git a/tests/compute/iou/test_iou_vm.py b/tests/compute/iou/test_iou_vm.py
index 05ee7de4b..d80cc4356 100644
--- a/tests/compute/iou/test_iou_vm.py
+++ b/tests/compute/iou/test_iou_vm.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 #
 # Copyright (C) 2020 GNS3 Technologies Inc.
 #
diff --git a/tests/compute/qemu/test_qemu_manager.py b/tests/compute/qemu/test_qemu_manager.py
index a75bfceaf..9f3c2afac 100644
--- a/tests/compute/qemu/test_qemu_manager.py
+++ b/tests/compute/qemu/test_qemu_manager.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 #
 # Copyright (C) 2015 GNS3 Technologies Inc.
 #
diff --git a/tests/compute/qemu/test_qemu_vm.py b/tests/compute/qemu/test_qemu_vm.py
index d5f0842d3..e20eddcd6 100644
--- a/tests/compute/qemu/test_qemu_vm.py
+++ b/tests/compute/qemu/test_qemu_vm.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 #
 # Copyright (C) 2020 GNS3 Technologies Inc.
 #
diff --git a/tests/compute/test_base_node.py b/tests/compute/test_base_node.py
index db2418d76..850db6325 100644
--- a/tests/compute/test_base_node.py
+++ b/tests/compute/test_base_node.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 #
 # Copyright (C) 2020 GNS3 Technologies Inc.
 #
diff --git a/tests/compute/test_manager.py b/tests/compute/test_manager.py
index 304fa972d..f0f5bbc46 100644
--- a/tests/compute/test_manager.py
+++ b/tests/compute/test_manager.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 #
 # Copyright (C) 2020 GNS3 Technologies Inc.
 #
diff --git a/tests/compute/test_port_manager.py b/tests/compute/test_port_manager.py
index ede2cea7a..f28418563 100644
--- a/tests/compute/test_port_manager.py
+++ b/tests/compute/test_port_manager.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 #
 # Copyright (C) 2020 GNS3 Technologies Inc.
 #
diff --git a/tests/compute/test_project.py b/tests/compute/test_project.py
index 7380df23f..d46abe4e9 100644
--- a/tests/compute/test_project.py
+++ b/tests/compute/test_project.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 #
 # Copyright (C) 2020 GNS3 Technologies Inc.
 #
diff --git a/tests/compute/test_project_manager.py b/tests/compute/test_project_manager.py
index fe52e8e22..d2a325fe4 100644
--- a/tests/compute/test_project_manager.py
+++ b/tests/compute/test_project_manager.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 #
 # Copyright (C) 2020 GNS3 Technologies Inc.
 #
diff --git a/tests/compute/virtualbox/test_virtualbox_manager.py b/tests/compute/virtualbox/test_virtualbox_manager.py
index 48315245c..8a23b41df 100644
--- a/tests/compute/virtualbox/test_virtualbox_manager.py
+++ b/tests/compute/virtualbox/test_virtualbox_manager.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 #
 # Copyright (C) 2020 GNS3 Technologies Inc.
 #
diff --git a/tests/compute/virtualbox/test_virtualbox_vm.py b/tests/compute/virtualbox/test_virtualbox_vm.py
index 8bf127be0..ead5c72fe 100644
--- a/tests/compute/virtualbox/test_virtualbox_vm.py
+++ b/tests/compute/virtualbox/test_virtualbox_vm.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 #
 # Copyright (C) 2020 GNS3 Technologies Inc.
 #
diff --git a/tests/compute/vmware/test_vmware_manager.py b/tests/compute/vmware/test_vmware_manager.py
index 7f2c2e0bc..46faff20c 100644
--- a/tests/compute/vmware/test_vmware_manager.py
+++ b/tests/compute/vmware/test_vmware_manager.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 #
 # Copyright (C) 2020 GNS3 Technologies Inc.
 #
diff --git a/tests/compute/vmware/test_vmware_vm.py b/tests/compute/vmware/test_vmware_vm.py
index 61b53b843..f2badff9c 100644
--- a/tests/compute/vmware/test_vmware_vm.py
+++ b/tests/compute/vmware/test_vmware_vm.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 #
 # Copyright (C) 2020 GNS3 Technologies Inc.
 #
diff --git a/tests/compute/vpcs/test_vpcs_manager.py b/tests/compute/vpcs/test_vpcs_manager.py
index 9929a1224..d567b8674 100644
--- a/tests/compute/vpcs/test_vpcs_manager.py
+++ b/tests/compute/vpcs/test_vpcs_manager.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 #
 # Copyright (C) 2020 GNS3 Technologies Inc.
 #
diff --git a/tests/compute/vpcs/test_vpcs_vm.py b/tests/compute/vpcs/test_vpcs_vm.py
index 65761cbd7..1d74fdf95 100644
--- a/tests/compute/vpcs/test_vpcs_vm.py
+++ b/tests/compute/vpcs/test_vpcs_vm.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 #
 # Copyright (C) 2020 GNS3 Technologies Inc.
 #
diff --git a/tests/controller/test_project.py b/tests/controller/test_project.py
index 6b8d2651e..8256dd450 100644
--- a/tests/controller/test_project.py
+++ b/tests/controller/test_project.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 #
 # Copyright (C) 2020 GNS3 Technologies Inc.
 #
diff --git a/tests/test_config.py b/tests/test_config.py
index 64cf66d7a..fb2b08dc0 100644
--- a/tests/test_config.py
+++ b/tests/test_config.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 #
 # Copyright (C) 2020 GNS3 Technologies Inc.
 #
diff --git a/tests/test_server.py b/tests/test_server.py
index da4abd306..7cdb2cb12 100644
--- a/tests/test_server.py
+++ b/tests/test_server.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 #
 # Copyright (C) 2015 GNS3 Technologies Inc.
 #
diff --git a/tests/utils.py b/tests/utils.py
index 5e640e478..d7212a666 100644
--- a/tests/utils.py
+++ b/tests/utils.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 #
 # Copyright (C) 2020 GNS3 Technologies Inc.
 #
diff --git a/tests/utils/test_asyncio.py b/tests/utils/test_asyncio.py
index f196d65c5..87def33c4 100644
--- a/tests/utils/test_asyncio.py
+++ b/tests/utils/test_asyncio.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 #
 # Copyright (C) 2015 GNS3 Technologies Inc.
 #
diff --git a/tests/utils/test_hostname.py b/tests/utils/test_hostname.py
index 66904e066..e802a40a5 100644
--- a/tests/utils/test_hostname.py
+++ b/tests/utils/test_hostname.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 #
 # Copyright (C) 2024 GNS3 Technologies Inc.
 #
diff --git a/tests/utils/test_images.py b/tests/utils/test_images.py
index 7fa9a86c1..e7d8248b0 100644
--- a/tests/utils/test_images.py
+++ b/tests/utils/test_images.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 #
 # Copyright (C) 2014 GNS3 Technologies Inc.
 #
diff --git a/tests/utils/test_interfaces.py b/tests/utils/test_interfaces.py
index 3d912a09c..84ac5f7c3 100644
--- a/tests/utils/test_interfaces.py
+++ b/tests/utils/test_interfaces.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 #
 # Copyright (C) 2014 GNS3 Technologies Inc.
 #

From 0f66fd6c2b2039c08b5110c27a9f6d9d00ba6079 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Mark Paronyan <markparonian@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 30 Sep 2026 20:45:43 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 03/18] style: remove trailing whitespace

---
 gns3server/api/routes/compute/notifications.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/gns3server/api/routes/compute/notifications.py b/gns3server/api/routes/compute/notifications.py
index ee533037b..66de26675 100644
--- a/gns3server/api/routes/compute/notifications.py
+++ b/gns3server/api/routes/compute/notifications.py
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
             <ul id='messages'>
             </ul>
             <script>
-                var ws = new WebSocket("ws://localhost:8000/notifications/ws");        
+                var ws = new WebSocket("ws://localhost:8000/notifications/ws");
                 ws.onmessage = function(event) {
                     var messages = document.getElementById('messages')
                     var message = document.createElement('li')

From c5b5091f5e985c70dfc7e9ed6f5bc4b347903e93 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Mark Paronyan <markparonian@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 30 Sep 2026 20:45:43 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 04/18] refactor: use explicit conversion in f-strings

---
 gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/agent/gns3_copilot.py  |  2 +-
 .../agent/gns3_copilot/gns3_client/connector.py      |  4 ++--
 .../gns3_copilot/gns3_client/gns3_project_info.py    |  2 +-
 .../gns3_copilot/gns3_client/gns3_topology_reader.py |  2 +-
 gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/skills/registry.py     |  6 +++---
 .../gns3_copilot/tools_v2/config_tools_nornir.py     |  6 +++---
 .../gns3_copilot/tools_v2/display_tools_nornir.py    |  6 +++---
 .../agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/gns3_create_link.py  |  4 ++--
 .../agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/gns3_create_node.py  |  4 ++--
 .../gns3_copilot/tools_v2/gns3_get_node_temp.py      |  2 +-
 .../gns3_copilot/tools_v2/gns3_packet_filter.py      | 12 ++++++------
 .../agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/gns3_start_node.py   |  2 +-
 .../agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/gns3_stop_node.py    |  2 +-
 .../agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/gns3_suspend_node.py |  2 +-
 .../gns3_copilot/tools_v2/gns3_update_node_name.py   |  2 +-
 gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/gns3_wait.py  |  2 +-
 .../gns3_copilot/tools_v2/packet_analysis_tool.py    |  4 ++--
 .../gns3_copilot/tools_v2/vpcs_tools_netmiko.py      |  6 +++---
 .../agent/gns3_copilot/utils/parse_tool_content.py   |  4 ++--
 gns3server/compute/docker/docker_vm.py               |  6 +++---
 gns3server/compute/dynamips/nodes/router.py          |  8 ++++----
 gns3server/controller/gns3vm/__init__.py             |  2 +-
 gns3server/controller/gns3vm/virtualbox_gns3_vm.py   |  2 +-
 gns3server/controller/gns3vm/vmware_gns3_vm.py       |  8 ++++----
 gns3server/controller/link.py                        |  6 +++---
 gns3server/controller/node.py                        |  2 +-
 gns3server/controller/ports/port_factory.py          |  2 +-
 gns3server/controller/project.py                     |  6 +++---
 gns3server/controller/topology.py                    |  8 ++++----
 gns3server/utils/images.py                           |  2 +-
 gns3server/utils/packet_filter_validation.py         |  2 +-
 tests/stress/benchmark_running_server.py             |  2 +-
 32 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 65 deletions(-)

diff --git a/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/agent/gns3_copilot.py b/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/agent/gns3_copilot.py
index a9616eb8b..ac784cab0 100644
--- a/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/agent/gns3_copilot.py
+++ b/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/agent/gns3_copilot.py
@@ -527,7 +527,7 @@ def tool_node(state: dict, config: RunnableConfig | None = None):
             )
         except Exception as e:
             logger.error("Tool %s failed: %s", tool_name, e, exc_info=True)
-            observation = f"Error: {str(e)}"
+            observation = f"Error: {e!s}"
 
         # Serialize observation to JSON string if it's not already a string
         # This ensures ToolMessage.content is always JSON format, not Python
diff --git a/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/gns3_client/connector.py b/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/gns3_client/connector.py
index 40ce1c5e5..21f7fc58d 100644
--- a/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/gns3_client/connector.py
+++ b/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/gns3_client/connector.py
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ class Gns3Connector:
             else:
                 raise HTTPError(f"v3 API authentication failed: {response.status_code} - {response.text}")
         except Exception as e:
-            raise HTTPError(f"v3 API authentication error: {str(e)}") from e
+            raise HTTPError(f"v3 API authentication error: {e!s}") from e
 
     def _is_token_expired(self) -> bool:
         """
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ class Gns3Connector:
         except Exception:
             # If JSON parsing fails, return error with original text
             return HTTPError(
-                f"Original Error: {str(e)}. GNS3 response text: {response.text}",
+                f"Original Error: {e!s}. GNS3 response text: {response.text}",
                 response=response,
             )
         return e
diff --git a/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/gns3_client/gns3_project_info.py b/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/gns3_client/gns3_project_info.py
index 9b699e51f..3ed793580 100644
--- a/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/gns3_client/gns3_project_info.py
+++ b/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/gns3_client/gns3_project_info.py
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ class GNS3ProjectInfoTool(BaseTool):
 
         except Exception as e:
             logger.error("Error retrieving GNS3 project info: %s", str(e))
-            return {"error": f"Failed to retrieve project info: {str(e)}"}
+            return {"error": f"Failed to retrieve project info: {e!s}"}
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
diff --git a/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/gns3_client/gns3_topology_reader.py b/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/gns3_client/gns3_topology_reader.py
index ce5449079..208d7074f 100644
--- a/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/gns3_client/gns3_topology_reader.py
+++ b/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/gns3_client/gns3_topology_reader.py
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ class GNS3TopologyTool(BaseTool):
 
         except Exception as e:
             logger.error("Error retrieving GNS3 topology: %s", str(e))
-            return {"error": f"Failed to retrieve topology: {str(e)}"}
+            return {"error": f"Failed to retrieve topology: {e!s}"}
 
     def _clean_nodes_ports(self, data: dict) -> dict:
         """
diff --git a/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/skills/registry.py b/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/skills/registry.py
index d9e2b5083..aa67cd51b 100644
--- a/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/skills/registry.py
+++ b/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/skills/registry.py
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ def reload_injection_skills() -> dict[str, Any]:
         logger.error(f"Error during skills reload: {e}")
         return {
             "success": False,
-            "message": f"Error: {str(e)}",
+            "message": f"Error: {e!s}",
             "skill_count": len(INJECTION_SKILLS_REGISTRY),
             "version": "",
         }
@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ def reload_prompts() -> dict[str, Any]:
         manager = get_skills_manager()
         return {
             "success": False,
-            "message": f"Error: {str(e)}",
+            "message": f"Error: {e!s}",
             "prompt_count": manager.get_prompt_count() if manager else 0,
             "version": "",
         }
@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ def reload_forbidden_commands() -> dict[str, Any]:
         }
     except Exception as e:
         logger.error(f"Error during forbidden commands reload: {e}")
-        return {"success": False, "message": f"Error: {str(e)}", "command_count": 0, "version": ""}
+        return {"success": False, "message": f"Error: {e!s}", "command_count": 0, "version": ""}
 
 
 def get_prompt(prompt_name: str) -> str:
diff --git a/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/config_tools_nornir.py b/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/config_tools_nornir.py
index 6b96e6202..250fb559d 100644
--- a/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/config_tools_nornir.py
+++ b/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/config_tools_nornir.py
@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ class ExecuteMultipleDeviceConfigCommands(BaseTool):
         except Exception as e:
             # Overall execution failed
             logger.error("Error executing configurations on all devices: %s", e)
-            return [{"status": "failed", "error": f"Execution error: {str(e)}"}]
+            return [{"status": "failed", "error": f"Execution error: {e!s}"}]
 
         logger.info(
             "Multiple device configuration execution completed. Results: %s",
@@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ class ExecuteMultipleDeviceConfigCommands(BaseTool):
             )
             return Result(
                 host=task.host,
-                result=f"Configuration failed (ReadTimeout): {str(e)}",
+                result=f"Configuration failed (ReadTimeout): {e!s}",
                 failed=True,
             )
 
@@ -305,7 +305,7 @@ class ExecuteMultipleDeviceConfigCommands(BaseTool):
             )
             return Result(
                 host=task.host,
-                result=f"Configuration failed (Unhandled Exception): {str(e)}",
+                result=f"Configuration failed (Unhandled Exception): {e!s}",
                 failed=True,
             )
 
diff --git a/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/display_tools_nornir.py b/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/display_tools_nornir.py
index 206ca10ea..ab31e9978 100644
--- a/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/display_tools_nornir.py
+++ b/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/display_tools_nornir.py
@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ class ExecuteMultipleDeviceCommands(BaseTool):
         except Exception as e:
             # Overall execution failed
             logger.error("Error executing display on all devices: %s", e)
-            return [{"status": "failed", "error": f"Execution error: {str(e)}"}]
+            return [{"status": "failed", "error": f"Execution error: {e!s}"}]
 
         logger.debug(
             "Multiple device display execution completed. Results: %s",
@@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ class ExecuteMultipleDeviceCommands(BaseTool):
             )
             return Result(
                 host=task.host,
-                result=f"diagnostic command failed (ReadTimeout): {str(e)}",
+                result=f"diagnostic command failed (ReadTimeout): {e!s}",
                 failed=True,
             )
 
@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ class ExecuteMultipleDeviceCommands(BaseTool):
             )
             return Result(
                 host=task.host,
-                result=f"diagnostic command failed (Unhandled): {str(e)}",
+                result=f"diagnostic command failed (Unhandled): {e!s}",
                 failed=True,
             )
 
diff --git a/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/gns3_create_link.py b/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/gns3_create_link.py
index ff11c6a44..c70c559ba 100644
--- a/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/gns3_create_link.py
+++ b/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/gns3_create_link.py
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ class GNS3LinkTool(BaseTool):
                     created_links.append(link_info)
 
                 except Exception as e:
-                    error_msg = f"Failed to create link {i}: {str(e)}"
+                    error_msg = f"Failed to create link {i}: {e!s}"
                     logger.error(error_msg)
                     created_links.append({"error": error_msg})
 
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ class GNS3LinkTool(BaseTool):
             return [{"error": f"Invalid JSON input: {e}"}]
         except Exception as e:
             logger.error("Failed to process link creation: %s", e)
-            return [{"error": f"Failed to process link creation: {str(e)}"}]
+            return [{"error": f"Failed to process link creation: {e!s}"}]
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
diff --git a/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/gns3_create_node.py b/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/gns3_create_node.py
index bdbc0bf42..60b2b0801 100644
--- a/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/gns3_create_node.py
+++ b/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/gns3_create_node.py
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ class GNS3CreateNodeTool(BaseTool):
 
                 except Exception as e:
                     error_info = {
-                        "error": f"Node {i + 1} creation failed: {str(e)}",
+                        "error": f"Node {i + 1} creation failed: {e!s}",
                         "status": "failed",
                     }
                     results.append(error_info)
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ class GNS3CreateNodeTool(BaseTool):
             return {"error": f"Invalid JSON input: {e}"}
         except Exception as e:
             logger.error("Failed to process node creation request: %s", e)
-            return {"error": f"Failed to process node creation request: {str(e)}"}
+            return {"error": f"Failed to process node creation request: {e!s}"}
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
diff --git a/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/gns3_get_node_temp.py b/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/gns3_get_node_temp.py
index af685ea4b..594c2c2cf 100644
--- a/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/gns3_get_node_temp.py
+++ b/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/gns3_get_node_temp.py
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ class GNS3TemplateTool(BaseTool):
 
         except Exception as e:
             logger.error("Failed to connect to GNS3 server or retrieve templates: %s", e)
-            return {"error": f"Failed to retrieve templates: {str(e)}"}
+            return {"error": f"Failed to retrieve templates: {e!s}"}
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
diff --git a/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/gns3_packet_filter.py b/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/gns3_packet_filter.py
index be7af824f..ed563cbbd 100644
--- a/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/gns3_packet_filter.py
+++ b/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/gns3_packet_filter.py
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ class GNS3PacketFilterTool(BaseTool):
             return {"error": f"Invalid JSON input: {e}"}
         except Exception as e:
             logger.error("Failed to process packet filter request: %s", e)
-            return {"error": f"Failed to process packet filter request: {str(e)}"}
+            return {"error": f"Failed to process packet filter request: {e!s}"}
 
     def _get_available_filters(self, gns3_ctx: dict, project_id: str, link_id: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
         """Get available filter types for the link."""
@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ class GNS3PacketFilterTool(BaseTool):
             return {
                 "action": "get_available",
                 "link_id": link_id,
-                "error": f"Failed to get available filters: {str(e)}",
+                "error": f"Failed to get available filters: {e!s}",
                 "status": "failed",
             }
 
@@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ class GNS3PacketFilterTool(BaseTool):
 
         except Exception as e:
             logger.error("Unexpected error during BPF validation: %s", e)
-            return {"valid": False, "error": f"BPF validation error: {str(e)}"}
+            return {"valid": False, "error": f"BPF validation error: {e!s}"}
 
     def _set_filters(
         self,
@@ -384,7 +384,7 @@ class GNS3PacketFilterTool(BaseTool):
             return {
                 "action": "set",
                 "link_id": link_id,
-                "error": f"Failed to set filters: {str(e)}",
+                "error": f"Failed to set filters: {e!s}",
                 "status": "failed",
             }
 
@@ -407,7 +407,7 @@ class GNS3PacketFilterTool(BaseTool):
             return {
                 "action": "get",
                 "link_id": link_id,
-                "error": f"Failed to get filters: {str(e)}",
+                "error": f"Failed to get filters: {e!s}",
                 "status": "failed",
             }
 
@@ -449,7 +449,7 @@ class GNS3PacketFilterTool(BaseTool):
             return {
                 "action": "clear",
                 "link_id": link_id,
-                "error": f"Failed to clear filters: {str(e)}",
+                "error": f"Failed to clear filters: {e!s}",
                 "status": "failed",
             }
 
diff --git a/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/gns3_start_node.py b/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/gns3_start_node.py
index 4086cde1b..2fb17f8f8 100644
--- a/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/gns3_start_node.py
+++ b/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/gns3_start_node.py
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ class GNS3StartNodeTool(BaseTool):
             return {"error": f"Invalid JSON input: {e}"}
         except Exception as e:
             logger.error("Failed to start nodes: %s", e)
-            return {"error": f"Failed to start nodes: {str(e)}"}
+            return {"error": f"Failed to start nodes: {e!s}"}
 
 
 # Backward-compat alias: the waiting variant was removed; both names now
diff --git a/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/gns3_stop_node.py b/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/gns3_stop_node.py
index d6965f19b..b4ef8cfd5 100644
--- a/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/gns3_stop_node.py
+++ b/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/gns3_stop_node.py
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ class GNS3StopNodeTool(BaseTool):
             return {"error": f"Invalid JSON input: {e}"}
         except Exception as e:
             logger.error("Failed to stop nodes: %s", e)
-            return {"error": f"Failed to stop nodes: {str(e)}"}
+            return {"error": f"Failed to stop nodes: {e!s}"}
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
diff --git a/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/gns3_suspend_node.py b/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/gns3_suspend_node.py
index 47a0cc4b1..25dda50fd 100644
--- a/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/gns3_suspend_node.py
+++ b/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/gns3_suspend_node.py
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ class GNS3SuspendNodeTool(BaseTool):
             return {"error": f"Invalid JSON input: {e}"}
         except Exception as e:
             logger.error("Failed to suspend nodes: %s", e)
-            return {"error": f"Failed to suspend nodes: {str(e)}"}
+            return {"error": f"Failed to suspend nodes: {e!s}"}
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
diff --git a/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/gns3_update_node_name.py b/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/gns3_update_node_name.py
index 7756b33a2..3121bc598 100644
--- a/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/gns3_update_node_name.py
+++ b/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/gns3_update_node_name.py
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ class GNS3UpdateNodeNameTool(BaseTool):
             return {"error": f"Invalid JSON input: {e}"}
         except Exception as e:
             logger.error("Failed to update node names: %s", e)
-            return {"error": f"Failed to update node names: {str(e)}"}
+            return {"error": f"Failed to update node names: {e!s}"}
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
diff --git a/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/gns3_wait.py b/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/gns3_wait.py
index 15a9ed24e..ed2f12802 100644
--- a/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/gns3_wait.py
+++ b/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/gns3_wait.py
@@ -104,4 +104,4 @@ class GNS3WaitTool(BaseTool):
             return {"error": f"Invalid JSON input: {e}"}
         except Exception as e:
             logger.error("Wait tool failed: %s", e)
-            return {"error": f"Wait tool failed: {str(e)}"}
+            return {"error": f"Wait tool failed: {e!s}"}
diff --git a/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/packet_analysis_tool.py b/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/packet_analysis_tool.py
index c5f30bf79..5aacb0ed7 100644
--- a/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/packet_analysis_tool.py
+++ b/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/packet_analysis_tool.py
@@ -325,7 +325,7 @@ class PacketAnalysisTool(BaseTool):
 
         except Exception as e:
             logger.error(f"PacketAnalysisTool error: {e}", exc_info=True)
-            return f'{{"error": "Analysis failed: {str(e)}"}}'
+            return f'{{"error": "Analysis failed: {e!s}"}}'
 
         finally:
             # Clean up temp file
@@ -497,7 +497,7 @@ class PacketAnalysisTool(BaseTool):
             return '{"error": "tshark not installed. Please install tshark: apt install tshark"}'
         except Exception as e:
             logger.error(f"tshark execution error: {e}", exc_info=True)
-            return f'{{"error": "tshark failed: {str(e)}"}}'
+            return f'{{"error": "tshark failed: {e!s}"}}'
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
diff --git a/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/vpcs_tools_netmiko.py b/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/vpcs_tools_netmiko.py
index d9186d2d4..26a512dc5 100644
--- a/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/vpcs_tools_netmiko.py
+++ b/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/vpcs_tools_netmiko.py
@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ class VPCSCommands(BaseTool):
         except Exception as e:
             # Overall execution failed
             logger.error("Error executing commands on all VPCS devices: %s", e)
-            return [{"status": "failed", "error": f"Execution error: {str(e)}"}]
+            return [{"status": "failed", "error": f"Execution error: {e!s}"}]
 
         logger.debug(
             "VPCS command execution completed. Results: %s",
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ class VPCSCommands(BaseTool):
             )
             return Result(
                 host=task.host,
-                result=f"Command failed (ReadTimeout): {str(e)}",
+                result=f"Command failed (ReadTimeout): {e!s}",
                 failed=True,
             )
 
@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ class VPCSCommands(BaseTool):
                 )
                 return Result(
                     host=task.host,
-                    result=f"Command failed: {str(retry_e)}",
+                    result=f"Command failed: {retry_e!s}",
                     failed=True,
                 )
 
diff --git a/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/utils/parse_tool_content.py b/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/utils/parse_tool_content.py
index 350a6bf50..736d792c3 100644
--- a/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/utils/parse_tool_content.py
+++ b/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/utils/parse_tool_content.py
@@ -496,7 +496,7 @@ def _test_parse_tool_content() -> None:
     for i, (input_data, expected) in enumerate(test_cases):
         result = parse_tool_content(input_data)
         status = "✓" if result == expected else "✗"
-        print(f"Test {i + 1}: {status} Input: {repr(input_data)} -> {result}")
+        print(f"Test {i + 1}: {status} Input: {input_data!r} -> {result}")
 
     print("\nTesting format_tool_response function:")
     format_tests = [
@@ -518,7 +518,7 @@ def _test_parse_tool_content() -> None:
             valid = "✓"
         except Exception:
             valid = "✗"
-        print(f"Format Test {i + 1}: {valid} Input: {repr(input_data)} -> {result}")
+        print(f"Format Test {i + 1}: {valid} Input: {input_data!r} -> {result}")
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
diff --git a/gns3server/compute/docker/docker_vm.py b/gns3server/compute/docker/docker_vm.py
index 08559b990..4bb9b4344 100644
--- a/gns3server/compute/docker/docker_vm.py
+++ b/gns3server/compute/docker/docker_vm.py
@@ -1468,7 +1468,7 @@ class DockerVM(BaseNode):
                     pass
         # Ignore runtime error because when closing the server
         except RuntimeError as e:
-            log.debug(f"Docker runtime error when closing: {str(e)}")
+            log.debug(f"Docker runtime error when closing: {e!s}")
             return
         self.status = "stopped"
 
@@ -1571,7 +1571,7 @@ class DockerVM(BaseNode):
                                 self.manager.port_manager.release_udp_port(nio.lport, self._project)
         # Ignore runtime error because when closing the server
         except (DockerHttp404Error, RuntimeError) as e:
-            log.debug(f"Docker error when closing: {str(e)}")
+            log.debug(f"Docker error when closing: {e!s}")
             return
 
     def _get_container_ifname(self, adapter_number):
@@ -1775,7 +1775,7 @@ class DockerVM(BaseNode):
 
         for index in range(4096):
             if f"tap-gns3-e{index}" not in psutil.net_if_addrs():
-                adapter.host_ifc = f"tap-gns3-e{str(index)}"
+                adapter.host_ifc = f"tap-gns3-e{index!s}"
                 break
         if adapter.host_ifc is None:
             raise DockerError(
diff --git a/gns3server/compute/dynamips/nodes/router.py b/gns3server/compute/dynamips/nodes/router.py
index 2eedfc2c4..8aabf6ddd 100644
--- a/gns3server/compute/dynamips/nodes/router.py
+++ b/gns3server/compute/dynamips/nodes/router.py
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ class Router(BaseNode):
         try:
             os.makedirs(os.path.join(self._working_directory, "configs"), exist_ok=True)
         except OSError as e:
-            raise DynamipsError(f"Can't create the dynamips config directory: {str(e)}")
+            raise DynamipsError(f"Can't create the dynamips config directory: {e!s}")
         if dynamips_id:
             self._convert_before_2_0_0_b3(dynamips_id)
 
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ class Router(BaseNode):
                 try:
                     shutil.move(path, dst)
                 except OSError as e:
-                    log.error(f"Can't move {path}: {str(e)}")
+                    log.error(f"Can't move {path}: {e!s}")
                     continue
         for path in glob.glob(os.path.join(glob.escape(dynamips_dir), f"*_i{dynamips_id}_*")):
             dst = os.path.join(self._working_directory, os.path.basename(path))
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ class Router(BaseNode):
                 try:
                     shutil.move(path, dst)
                 except OSError as e:
-                    log.error(f"Can't move {path}: {str(e)}")
+                    log.error(f"Can't move {path}: {e!s}")
                     continue
 
     def asdict(self):
@@ -1608,7 +1608,7 @@ class Router(BaseNode):
         try:
             open(output_file, "w+").close()
         except OSError as e:
-            raise DynamipsError(f'Can not write capture to "{output_file}": {str(e)}')
+            raise DynamipsError(f'Can not write capture to "{output_file}": {e!s}')
 
         try:
             adapter = self._slots[slot_number]
diff --git a/gns3server/controller/gns3vm/__init__.py b/gns3server/controller/gns3vm/__init__.py
index 0c3c95122..a20a1e81d 100644
--- a/gns3server/controller/gns3vm/__init__.py
+++ b/gns3server/controller/gns3vm/__init__.py
@@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ class GNS3VM:
                 await engine.start()
             except Exception as e:
                 await self._controller.delete_compute("vm")
-                log.error(f"Cannot start the GNS3 VM: {str(e)}")
+                log.error(f"Cannot start the GNS3 VM: {e!s}")
                 await compute.update(name=f"GNS3 VM ({engine.vmname})")
                 compute.set_last_error(str(e))
                 raise e
diff --git a/gns3server/controller/gns3vm/virtualbox_gns3_vm.py b/gns3server/controller/gns3vm/virtualbox_gns3_vm.py
index f3a78f03d..5fe733cd5 100644
--- a/gns3server/controller/gns3vm/virtualbox_gns3_vm.py
+++ b/gns3server/controller/gns3vm/virtualbox_gns3_vm.py
@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ class VirtualBoxGNS3VM(BaseGNS3VM):
             await self._check_requirements()
             return await self._virtualbox_manager.list_vms()
         except VirtualBoxError as e:
-            raise GNS3VMError(f"Could not list VirtualBox VMs: {str(e)}")
+            raise GNS3VMError(f"Could not list VirtualBox VMs: {e!s}")
 
     async def start(self):
         """
diff --git a/gns3server/controller/gns3vm/vmware_gns3_vm.py b/gns3server/controller/gns3vm/vmware_gns3_vm.py
index 5062d8dc9..b19c85ad9 100644
--- a/gns3server/controller/gns3vm/vmware_gns3_vm.py
+++ b/gns3server/controller/gns3vm/vmware_gns3_vm.py
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ class VMwareGNS3VM(BaseGNS3VM):
         try:
             return await self._vmware_manager.list_vms()
         except VMwareError as e:
-            raise GNS3VMError(f"Could not list VMware VMs: {str(e)}")
+            raise GNS3VMError(f"Could not list VMware VMs: {e!s}")
 
     async def start(self):
         """
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ class VMwareGNS3VM(BaseGNS3VM):
         try:
             running = await self._is_running()
         except VMwareError as e:
-            raise GNS3VMError(f"Could not list VMware VMs: {str(e)}")
+            raise GNS3VMError(f"Could not list VMware VMs: {e!s}")
         if not running:
             # set the number of vCPUs and amount of RAM
             if self.allocate_vcpus_ram:
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ class VMwareGNS3VM(BaseGNS3VM):
         try:
             await self._execute("suspend", [self._vmx_path])
         except GNS3VMError as e:
-            log.warning(f"Error when suspending the VM: {str(e)}")
+            log.warning(f"Error when suspending the VM: {e!s}")
         log.info("GNS3 VM has been suspended")
         self.running = False
 
@@ -211,6 +211,6 @@ class VMwareGNS3VM(BaseGNS3VM):
         try:
             await self._execute("stop", [self._vmx_path, "soft"])
         except GNS3VMError as e:
-            log.warning(f"Error when stopping the VM: {str(e)}")
+            log.warning(f"Error when stopping the VM: {e!s}")
         log.info("GNS3 VM has been stopped")
         self.running = False
diff --git a/gns3server/controller/link.py b/gns3server/controller/link.py
index 2a7ec02d8..c2ef20f7a 100644
--- a/gns3server/controller/link.py
+++ b/gns3server/controller/link.py
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ class Link:
         try:
             validate_all_filters(new_filters)
         except FilterValidationError as e:
-            raise ControllerError(f"Invalid packet filter parameters: {str(e)}")
+            raise ControllerError(f"Invalid packet filter parameters: {e!s}")
 
         if new_filters != self.filters:
             self._filters = new_filters
@@ -483,7 +483,7 @@ class Link:
             # Re-raise ControllerError to return error to client
             raise
         except Exception as e:
-            error_msg = f"Error starting Web Wireshark: {str(e)}"
+            error_msg = f"Error starting Web Wireshark: {e!s}"
             log.error(error_msg)
             raise ControllerError(error_msg)
         finally:
@@ -532,7 +532,7 @@ class Link:
         except ControllerError:
             raise
         except Exception as e:
-            error_msg = f"Error restarting Web Wireshark: {str(e)}"
+            error_msg = f"Error restarting Web Wireshark: {e!s}"
             log.error(error_msg)
             raise ControllerError(error_msg)
         finally:
diff --git a/gns3server/controller/node.py b/gns3server/controller/node.py
index dac44f60d..6fb64045f 100644
--- a/gns3server/controller/node.py
+++ b/gns3server/controller/node.py
@@ -1050,7 +1050,7 @@ class Node:
             with open(image, "rb") as f:
                 await self._compute.post(f"/{self._node_type}/images/{os.path.basename(img)}", data=f, timeout=None)
         except OSError as e:
-            raise ControllerError(f"Can't upload {image}: {str(e)}")
+            raise ControllerError(f"Can't upload {image}: {e!s}")
         self.project.emit_notification("log.info", {"message": f"Upload finished for {img}"})
         return True
 
diff --git a/gns3server/controller/ports/port_factory.py b/gns3server/controller/ports/port_factory.py
index c17434578..0568ef788 100644
--- a/gns3server/controller/ports/port_factory.py
+++ b/gns3server/controller/ports/port_factory.py
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ class StandardPortFactory:
                             **cls._generate_replacement(interface_number, segment_number),
                         )
                     except (IndexError, ValueError, KeyError) as e:
-                        raise ControllerError(f"Invalid port name format {port_name_format}: {str(e)}")
+                        raise ControllerError(f"Invalid port name format {port_name_format}: {e!s}")
 
                     port_name = custom_adapter_settings.get("port_name", port_name)
                     port = PortFactory(port_name, segment_number, adapter_number, port_number, "ethernet")
diff --git a/gns3server/controller/project.py b/gns3server/controller/project.py
index ad42e9323..83b95b41f 100644
--- a/gns3server/controller/project.py
+++ b/gns3server/controller/project.py
@@ -1731,7 +1731,7 @@ class Project:
                 )
             shutil.rmtree(self.path)
         except OSError as e:
-            raise ControllerError(f"Cannot delete project directory {self.path}: {str(e)}")
+            raise ControllerError(f"Cannot delete project directory {self.path}: {e!s}")
         self.emit_controller_notification("project.deleted", self.asdict())
 
     def _get_disconnected_computes(self):
@@ -2081,7 +2081,7 @@ class Project:
             else:
                 log.info("Fast duplication failed, fallback to normal duplication")
         except Exception as e:
-            raise ControllerError(f"Cannot duplicate project: {str(e)}")
+            raise ControllerError(f"Cannot duplicate project: {e!s}")
 
         try:
             begin = time.time()
@@ -2119,7 +2119,7 @@ class Project:
 
             log.info(f"Project '{project.name}' duplicated in {time.time() - begin:.4f} seconds")
         except (ValueError, OSError, UnicodeEncodeError) as e:
-            raise ControllerError(f"Cannot duplicate project: {str(e)}")
+            raise ControllerError(f"Cannot duplicate project: {e!s}")
 
         if previous_status == "closed":
             await self.close()
diff --git a/gns3server/controller/topology.py b/gns3server/controller/topology.py
index f2390930a..1e5dd3810 100644
--- a/gns3server/controller/topology.py
+++ b/gns3server/controller/topology.py
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ def load_topology(path):
         with open(path, encoding="utf-8") as f:
             topo = json.load(f)
     except (OSError, UnicodeDecodeError, ValueError) as e:
-        raise ControllerError(f"Could not load topology {path}: {str(e)}")
+        raise ControllerError(f"Could not load topology {path}: {e!s}")
 
     if topo.get("revision", 0) > GNS3_FILE_FORMAT_REVISION:
         raise ControllerError(
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ def load_topology(path):
         try:
             shutil.copy(path, path + ".backup{}".format(topo.get("revision", 0)))
         except OSError as e:
-            raise ControllerError(f"Can't write backup of the topology {path}: {str(e)}")
+            raise ControllerError(f"Can't write backup of the topology {path}: {e!s}")
         changed = True
         # update the version because we converted the topology
         topo["version"] = __version__
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ def load_topology(path):
             with open(path, "w+", encoding="utf-8") as f:
                 json.dump(topo, f, indent=4, sort_keys=True)
         except OSError as e:
-            raise ControllerError(f"Can't write the topology {path}: {str(e)}")
+            raise ControllerError(f"Can't write the topology {path}: {e!s}")
     return topo
 
 
@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ def _convert_2_0_0_beta_2(topo, topo_path):
                 for path in glob.glob(os.path.join(glob.escape(dynamips_dir), "configs", f"i{dynamips_id}_*")):
                     shutil.move(path, os.path.join(node_dir, "configs", os.path.basename(path)))
             except OSError as e:
-                raise ControllerError(f"Can't convert project {topo_path}: {str(e)}")
+                raise ControllerError(f"Can't convert project {topo_path}: {e!s}")
     return topo
 
 
diff --git a/gns3server/utils/images.py b/gns3server/utils/images.py
index 06b4ae9be..60d61ddc0 100644
--- a/gns3server/utils/images.py
+++ b/gns3server/utils/images.py
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ async def list_images(image_type):
                         }
                     )
                 except OSError as e:
-                    log.warning(f"Can't add image {path}: {str(e)}")
+                    log.warning(f"Can't add image {path}: {e!s}")
     return images
 
 
diff --git a/gns3server/utils/packet_filter_validation.py b/gns3server/utils/packet_filter_validation.py
index 1b9481ffd..d20ac9f24 100644
--- a/gns3server/utils/packet_filter_validation.py
+++ b/gns3server/utils/packet_filter_validation.py
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ def validate_bpf_syntax(bpf_expression: str) -> Dict[str, Any]:
 
     except Exception as e:
         log.error("Unexpected error during BPF validation: %s", e)
-        return {"valid": False, "error": f"BPF validation error: {str(e)}"}
+        return {"valid": False, "error": f"BPF validation error: {e!s}"}
 
 
 def validate_filter_parameters(filter_type: str, values: List[Any]) -> None:
diff --git a/tests/stress/benchmark_running_server.py b/tests/stress/benchmark_running_server.py
index 6400aebe1..234372100 100644
--- a/tests/stress/benchmark_running_server.py
+++ b/tests/stress/benchmark_running_server.py
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ async def benchmark_get_projects(base_url, headers, project_count, iterations=10
                 else:
                     print(f"  Iteration {i + 1}: ERROR {response.status_code}")
             except Exception as e:
-                print(f"  Iteration {i + 1}: Exception - {type(e).__name__}: {str(e)}")
+                print(f"  Iteration {i + 1}: Exception - {type(e).__name__}: {e!s}")
 
     # Cleanup test projects
     if project_count > 0:

From 0416ad8228295295e9e687481a3b23d45ed1d373 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Mark Paronyan <markparonian@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 30 Sep 2026 20:45:43 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 05/18] style: sort __all__ declarations

---
 gns3server/agent/__init__.py                         |  2 +-
 .../agent/gns3_copilot/gns3_client/__init__.py       |  8 ++++----
 .../gns3_copilot/gns3_client/context_helpers.py      |  4 ++--
 gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/skills/__init__.py     | 12 ++++++------
 gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/__init__.py   |  6 +++---
 gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/utils/__init__.py      |  4 ++--
 6 files changed, 18 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)

diff --git a/gns3server/agent/__init__.py b/gns3server/agent/__init__.py
index 082c6dd4a..bf6ecac3e 100644
--- a/gns3server/agent/__init__.py
+++ b/gns3server/agent/__init__.py
@@ -103,6 +103,6 @@ except ImportError:
 __all__ = [
     "AI_COPILOT_AVAILABLE",
     "MCP_AVAILABLE",
-    "get_project_agent_manager",
     "ProjectAgentManager",
+    "get_project_agent_manager",
 ]
diff --git a/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/gns3_client/__init__.py b/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/gns3_client/__init__.py
index 100ed500c..16fb366c5 100644
--- a/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/gns3_client/__init__.py
+++ b/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/gns3_client/__init__.py
@@ -71,16 +71,16 @@ __description__ = "AI-powered network automation assistant for GNS3"
 __url__ = "https://github.com/yueguobin/gns3-copilot"
 
 __all__ = [
+    "GNS3ProjectInfoTool",
+    "GNS3TopologyTool",
     "Gns3Connector",
     "build_gns3_ctx",
-    "GNS3TopologyTool",
-    "GNS3ProjectInfoTool",
+    "get_current_jwt_token",
+    "get_current_llm_config",
     "get_gns3_connector",
     "get_gns3_connector_with_llm_config",
     "get_gns3_server_host",
     "get_llm_config",
     "set_current_jwt_token",
-    "get_current_jwt_token",
     "set_current_llm_config",
-    "get_current_llm_config",
 ]
diff --git a/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/gns3_client/context_helpers.py b/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/gns3_client/context_helpers.py
index 5070dcb9a..b65cf88cd 100644
--- a/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/gns3_client/context_helpers.py
+++ b/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/gns3_client/context_helpers.py
@@ -124,8 +124,8 @@ def get_current_llm_config() -> Optional[dict]:
 
 
 __all__ = [
-    "set_current_jwt_token",
     "get_current_jwt_token",
-    "set_current_llm_config",
     "get_current_llm_config",
+    "set_current_jwt_token",
+    "set_current_llm_config",
 ]
diff --git a/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/skills/__init__.py b/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/skills/__init__.py
index c23c9d8b8..6dd522dca 100644
--- a/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/skills/__init__.py
+++ b/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/skills/__init__.py
@@ -55,18 +55,18 @@ from .manager import SkillsManager
 from .loader import SkillsLoader
 
 __all__ = [
-    "SKILLS_REGISTRY",
     "INJECTION_SKILLS_REGISTRY",
-    "get_skill",
-    "get_injection_skill",
+    "SKILLS_REGISTRY",
     "DeviceSkillsTool",
     "InjectionSkillsTool",
     "PacketAnalysisSkillsTool",
-    "SkillsManager",
     "SkillsLoader",
-    "set_skills_manager",
+    "SkillsManager",
+    "get_injection_skill",
+    "get_skill",
     "get_skills_manager",
+    "get_skills_repository_info",
     "reload_injection_skills",
     "reload_skills_repository",
-    "get_skills_repository_info",
+    "set_skills_manager",
 ]
diff --git a/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/__init__.py b/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/__init__.py
index 18f122727..aacf4423f 100644
--- a/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/__init__.py
+++ b/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/__init__.py
@@ -80,17 +80,17 @@ __url__ = "https://github.com/yueguobin/gns3-copilot"
 
 # Export main tool classes
 __all__ = [
-    "ExecuteMultipleDeviceConfigCommands",
     "ExecuteMultipleDeviceCommands",
+    "ExecuteMultipleDeviceConfigCommands",
     "GNS3CreateNodeTool",
     "GNS3LinkTool",
     "GNS3PacketFilterTool",
-    "GNS3StartNodeTool",
     "GNS3StartNodeQuickTool",
+    "GNS3StartNodeTool",
     "GNS3StopNodeTool",
     "GNS3SuspendNodeTool",
-    "GNS3UpdateNodeNameTool",
     "GNS3TemplateTool",
+    "GNS3UpdateNodeNameTool",
     "GNS3WaitTool",
     "PacketAnalysisTool",
 ]
diff --git a/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/utils/__init__.py b/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/utils/__init__.py
index ed79a457c..7beb1d745 100644
--- a/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/utils/__init__.py
+++ b/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/utils/__init__.py
@@ -58,8 +58,8 @@ __url__ = "https://github.com/yueguobin/gns3-copilot"
 # Export main utility functions
 __all__ = [
     "format_error_message",
-    "get_device_ports_from_topology",
-    "parse_tool_content",
     "format_tool_response",
+    "get_device_ports_from_topology",
     "normalize_tool_response",
+    "parse_tool_content",
 ]

From 1a495ab31823b647d1e4f15e986e6f8eb51f378c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Mark Paronyan <markparonian@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 30 Sep 2026 20:45:43 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 06/18] refactor: replace getattr with attribute access

---
 gns3server/compute/qemu/qemu_vm.py | 10 +++++-----
 gns3server/db/tasks.py             |  2 +-
 2 files changed, 6 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/gns3server/compute/qemu/qemu_vm.py b/gns3server/compute/qemu/qemu_vm.py
index 465a7bc03..51b650839 100644
--- a/gns3server/compute/qemu/qemu_vm.py
+++ b/gns3server/compute/qemu/qemu_vm.py
@@ -2102,7 +2102,7 @@ class QemuVM(BaseNode):
                 raise OSError(f"mcopy failure: return code {retcode}")
 
     async def _export_config(self):
-        disk_name = getattr(self, "config_disk_name")
+        disk_name = self.config_disk_name
         if not disk_name:
             return
         disk = os.path.join(self.working_dir, disk_name)
@@ -2122,7 +2122,7 @@ class QemuVM(BaseNode):
         shutil.rmtree(config_dir, ignore_errors=True)
 
     async def _import_config(self):
-        disk_name = getattr(self, "config_disk_name")
+        disk_name = self.config_disk_name
         zip_file = os.path.join(self.working_dir, "config.zip")
         if not disk_name or not os.path.exists(zip_file):
             return
@@ -2131,7 +2131,7 @@ class QemuVM(BaseNode):
         disk_tmp = disk + ".tmp"
         try:
             os.mkdir(config_dir)
-            shutil.copyfile(getattr(self, "config_disk_image"), disk_tmp)
+            shutil.copyfile(self.config_disk_image, disk_tmp)
             unpack_zip(zip_file, config_dir)
             config_files = [os.path.join(config_dir, fname) for fname in os.listdir(config_dir)]
             if config_files:
@@ -2279,9 +2279,9 @@ class QemuVM(BaseNode):
             options.extend(await self._disk_interface_options(disk, disk_index, interface))
 
         # config disk
-        disk_image = getattr(self, "config_disk_image")
+        disk_image = self.config_disk_image
         if disk_image and self._create_config_disk:
-            disk_name = getattr(self, "config_disk_name")
+            disk_name = self.config_disk_name
             disk = os.path.join(self.working_dir, disk_name)
             if self.hdd_disk_interface == "none":
                 # use the HDA interface type if none has been configured for HDD
diff --git a/gns3server/db/tasks.py b/gns3server/db/tasks.py
index a9554c9cc..2b461f9a1 100644
--- a/gns3server/db/tasks.py
+++ b/gns3server/db/tasks.py
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ async def connect_to_db(app: FastAPI) -> None:
 async def disconnect_from_db(app: FastAPI) -> None:
 
     # dispose of the connection pool used by the database engine
-    if getattr(app.state, "_db_engine"):
+    if app.state._db_engine:
         await app.state._db_engine.dispose()
         log.info(f"Disconnected from database")
 

From 7a1e79a8a099d3150b7db0bbc20e90ac6ed2b01b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Mark Paronyan <markparonian@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 30 Sep 2026 20:45:43 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 07/18] style: parenthesize chained boolean operators

---
 gns3server/api/routes/index.py | 2 +-
 gns3server/utils/images.py     | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/gns3server/api/routes/index.py b/gns3server/api/routes/index.py
index 23e859bc2..0c4719725 100644
--- a/gns3server/api/routes/index.py
+++ b/gns3server/api/routes/index.py
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ async def web_ui(file_path: str):
     # which results with warnings in Firefox 66 on Windows
     # Ref. gns3-server#1559
     _, ext = os.path.splitext(static)
-    mimetype = ext == ".js" and "application/javascript" or None
+    mimetype = (ext == ".js" and "application/javascript") or None
     return FileResponse(static, media_type=mimetype)
 
 
diff --git a/gns3server/utils/images.py b/gns3server/utils/images.py
index 60d61ddc0..cbb5f20ca 100644
--- a/gns3server/utils/images.py
+++ b/gns3server/utils/images.py
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ async def discover_images(image_type: str, skip_image_paths: list | None = None)
                 if filename.endswith(".tmp") or filename.endswith(".md5sum") or filename.startswith("."):
                     continue
                 path = os.path.join(root, filename)
-                if not os.path.isfile(path) or skip_image_paths and path in skip_image_paths or path in files:
+                if not os.path.isfile(path) or (skip_image_paths and path in skip_image_paths) or path in files:
                     continue
                 if "/lib/" in path or "/lib64/" in path:
                     # ignore custom IOU libraries

From 06ef803ee9e8c3599d687ee9f6e7a19be27a5507 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Mark Paronyan <markparonian@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 30 Sep 2026 20:45:43 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 08/18] style: use not-in membership tests

---
 gns3server/compute/builtin/nodes/cloud.py | 2 +-
 tests/controller/test_export_project.py   | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/gns3server/compute/builtin/nodes/cloud.py b/gns3server/compute/builtin/nodes/cloud.py
index 173604582..8e40e5ea6 100644
--- a/gns3server/compute/builtin/nodes/cloud.py
+++ b/gns3server/compute/builtin/nodes/cloud.py
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ class Cloud(BaseNode):
 
             if port_info["type"] == "ethernet":
                 network_interfaces = [interface["name"] for interface in self._interfaces()]
-                if not port_info["interface"] in network_interfaces:
+                if port_info["interface"] not in network_interfaces:
                     raise NodeError(
                         f"Interface '{port_info['interface']}' could not be found on this system, please update '{self.name}'"
                     )
diff --git a/tests/controller/test_export_project.py b/tests/controller/test_export_project.py
index 709f8ad07..5927a7e66 100644
--- a/tests/controller/test_export_project.py
+++ b/tests/controller/test_export_project.py
@@ -413,4 +413,4 @@ async def test_export_with_ignoring_snapshots(tmpdir, project):
         await write_file(str(tmpdir / "zipfile.zip"), z)
 
     with zipfile.ZipFile(str(tmpdir / "zipfile.zip")) as myzip:
-        assert not os.path.join("snapshots", "snap.gns3project") in [f.filename for f in myzip.filelist]
+        assert os.path.join("snapshots", "snap.gns3project") not in [f.filename for f in myzip.filelist]

From 7d0be62da863d7cc633da43a5fd87370d63566f7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Mark Paronyan <markparonian@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 30 Sep 2026 20:45:44 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 09/18] style: drop redundant utf-8 encode arguments

---
 gns3server/api/routes/controller/controller.py | 2 +-
 gns3server/api/routes/controller/projects.py   | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/gns3server/api/routes/controller/controller.py b/gns3server/api/routes/controller/controller.py
index 3afd00a77..bd6502135 100644
--- a/gns3server/api/routes/controller/controller.py
+++ b/gns3server/api/routes/controller/controller.py
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ async def controller_http_notifications(request: Request) -> StreamingResponse:
             with Controller.instance().notification.controller_queue() as queue:
                 while not app.state.exiting:
                     msg = await queue.get_json(5)
-                    yield f"{msg}\n".encode("utf-8")
+                    yield f"{msg}\n".encode()
         finally:
             log.info(f"Client {client} has disconnected from controller HTTP notification stream")
 
diff --git a/gns3server/api/routes/controller/projects.py b/gns3server/api/routes/controller/projects.py
index 378a276b8..83dfcff8e 100644
--- a/gns3server/api/routes/controller/projects.py
+++ b/gns3server/api/routes/controller/projects.py
@@ -543,7 +543,7 @@ async def project_http_notifications(project_id: UUID) -> StreamingResponse:
             with controller.notification.project_queue(project.id) as queue:
                 while not app.state.exiting:
                     msg = await queue.get_json(5)
-                    yield f"{msg}\n".encode("utf-8")
+                    yield f"{msg}\n".encode()
         finally:
             log.info(f"Client has disconnected from notification for project ID '{project.id}' (HTTP stream method)")
             if project.auto_close:

From d356a689871ccd8bfc0b101d5a334a92b079ed66 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Mark Paronyan <markparonian@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 30 Sep 2026 20:45:44 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 10/18] refactor: replace aliased OSError subclasses

---
 .../utils/custom_netmiko/scripts/list_netmiko_telnet_devices.py | 2 +-
 gns3server/api/routes/controller/nodes.py                       | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/utils/custom_netmiko/scripts/list_netmiko_telnet_devices.py b/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/utils/custom_netmiko/scripts/list_netmiko_telnet_devices.py
index d4f7b1a38..3097dd954 100644
--- a/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/utils/custom_netmiko/scripts/list_netmiko_telnet_devices.py
+++ b/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/utils/custom_netmiko/scripts/list_netmiko_telnet_devices.py
@@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ def save_markdown(content: str, filename: str = "netmiko_devices.md") -> None:
         with open(output_path, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
             f.write(content)
         print(f"Markdown document saved to: {output_path}")
-    except IOError as e:
+    except OSError as e:
         print(f"Error: Failed to save Markdown file: {e}", file=sys.stderr)
         sys.exit(1)
 
diff --git a/gns3server/api/routes/controller/nodes.py b/gns3server/api/routes/controller/nodes.py
index 8cd7c0ade..2b691e098 100644
--- a/gns3server/api/routes/controller/nodes.py
+++ b/gns3server/api/routes/controller/nodes.py
@@ -577,7 +577,7 @@ async def get_file(file_path: str, node: Node = Depends(dep_node)) -> Response:
         try:
             async for chunk in compute_resp.content.iter_chunked(65536):
                 yield chunk
-        except (IOError, OSError, asyncio.TimeoutError) as e:
+        except (OSError, asyncio.TimeoutError) as e:
             log.error(f"Error streaming file '{path}' from compute: {e}")
             raise
         finally:

From 396407827e47cfbcc278b135230c36a473421865 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Mark Paronyan <markparonian@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 30 Sep 2026 20:45:44 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 11/18] style: drop redundant open mode arguments

---
 gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/skills/loader.py | 6 +++---
 gns3server/compute/vmware/__init__.py          | 2 +-
 gns3server/utils/uninstall_ai_features.py      | 2 +-
 tests/controller/gns3vm/test_vmware_gns3_vm.py | 4 ++--
 4 files changed, 7 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/skills/loader.py b/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/skills/loader.py
index 0295e2520..aaad14e51 100644
--- a/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/skills/loader.py
+++ b/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/skills/loader.py
@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ class SkillsLoader:
             return ""
 
         try:
-            with open(prompt_file, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+            with open(prompt_file, encoding="utf-8") as f:
                 content = f.read()
             logger.debug(f"Loaded prompt: {prompt_name} from {prompt_file}")
             return content
@@ -302,7 +302,7 @@ class SkillsLoader:
 
         try:
             commands = []
-            with open(config_file, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+            with open(config_file, encoding="utf-8") as f:
                 for line in f:
                     line = line.strip()
                     if not line or line.startswith("#"):
@@ -364,7 +364,7 @@ class SkillsLoader:
         Returns:
             Parsed YAML content as dictionary, or empty dict if file is empty
         """
-        with open(file_path, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+        with open(file_path, encoding="utf-8") as f:
             data = yaml.safe_load(f)
         if not isinstance(data, dict):
             logger.warning(f"YAML file {file_path} is empty or has invalid format")
diff --git a/gns3server/compute/vmware/__init__.py b/gns3server/compute/vmware/__init__.py
index 03119d214..c814fc55f 100644
--- a/gns3server/compute/vmware/__init__.py
+++ b/gns3server/compute/vmware/__init__.py
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ class VMware(BaseManager):
                         vmnet = f"vmnet{match.group(1)}"
                         if vmnet not in ("vmnet0", "vmnet1", "vmnet8"):
                             vmnet_interfaces[vmnet] = {}
-            with open(vmware_networking_file, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+            with open(vmware_networking_file, encoding="utf-8") as f:
                 for line in f.read().splitlines():
                     match = re.search(r"VNET_([0-9]+)_HOSTONLY_SUBNET\s+(.*)", line)
                     if match:
diff --git a/gns3server/utils/uninstall_ai_features.py b/gns3server/utils/uninstall_ai_features.py
index 141ff9ce7..8a1106bca 100644
--- a/gns3server/utils/uninstall_ai_features.py
+++ b/gns3server/utils/uninstall_ai_features.py
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ def _read_requirements(filename):
     base_dir = _find_base_dir()
     filepath = os.path.join(base_dir, filename)
     packages = []
-    with open(filepath, "r") as f:
+    with open(filepath) as f:
         for line in f:
             line = line.strip()
             if not line or line.startswith("#"):
diff --git a/tests/controller/gns3vm/test_vmware_gns3_vm.py b/tests/controller/gns3vm/test_vmware_gns3_vm.py
index 89d551e75..1ed1dce54 100644
--- a/tests/controller/gns3vm/test_vmware_gns3_vm.py
+++ b/tests/controller/gns3vm/test_vmware_gns3_vm.py
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ async def test_set_extra_options(gns3vm, vmx_path, windows_platform):
 
     await gns3vm._set_extra_options()
 
-    with open(vmx_path, "r") as f:
+    with open(vmx_path) as f:
         assert f.read() == 'vhv.enable = "TRUE"\n'
 
     # when there is an entry, we don't modify it
@@ -55,5 +55,5 @@ async def test_set_extra_options(gns3vm, vmx_path, windows_platform):
 
     await gns3vm._set_extra_options()
 
-    with open(vmx_path, "r") as f:
+    with open(vmx_path) as f:
         assert f.read() == 'vhv.enable = "FALSE"\n'

From fdb8d87a644f7bc22d30fc1d26fd1e8d8219bdef Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Mark Paronyan <markparonian@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 30 Sep 2026 20:45:44 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 12/18] style: drop useless object inheritance

---
 gns3server/db/tasks.py                 | 2 +-
 tests/compute/docker/test_docker_vm.py | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/gns3server/db/tasks.py b/gns3server/db/tasks.py
index 2b461f9a1..b9decd868 100644
--- a/gns3server/db/tasks.py
+++ b/gns3server/db/tasks.py
@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ class EventHandler(PatternMatchingEventHandler):
         self._loop.call_soon_threadsafe(self._queue.put_nowait, event)
 
 
-class EventIterator(object):
+class EventIterator:
     """
     Watchdog Event iterator.
     """
diff --git a/tests/compute/docker/test_docker_vm.py b/tests/compute/docker/test_docker_vm.py
index eccf438c2..ecb64dd0b 100644
--- a/tests/compute/docker/test_docker_vm.py
+++ b/tests/compute/docker/test_docker_vm.py
@@ -2051,7 +2051,7 @@ async def test_delete_reports_root_files_when_reclaim_fails(vm):
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_read_console_output_with_binary_mode(vm):
 
-    class InputStreamMock(object):
+    class InputStreamMock:
         def __init__(self):
             self.sent = False
 

From c9416d25691245292179a9458adc95762fe2b7f7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Mark Paronyan <markparonian@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 30 Sep 2026 20:45:44 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 13/18] style: remove quotes from type annotations

---
 gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/skills/manager.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/skills/manager.py b/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/skills/manager.py
index 1a511ec29..3195b4611 100644
--- a/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/skills/manager.py
+++ b/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/skills/manager.py
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ class SkillsManager:
         self.branch = branch
         self.auto_update = auto_update
         self.loader = SkillsLoader(str(local_path))
-        self._repo: Optional["git.Repo"] = None
+        self._repo: Optional[git.Repo] = None
         self._prompt_count = 0
 
         if not GIT_AVAILABLE:

From 2dc7479d1135f1dc30e462d8bb6880b646a4f6a5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Mark Paronyan <markparonian@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 30 Sep 2026 20:45:44 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 14/18] style: remove f-strings without placeholders

---
 gns3server/agent/mcp/templates.py              |  2 +-
 gns3server/compute/qemu/__init__.py            |  2 +-
 gns3server/compute/virtualbox/virtualbox_vm.py |  2 +-
 gns3server/controller/__init__.py              |  2 +-
 gns3server/db/tasks.py                         |  2 +-
 gns3server/utils/images.py                     |  2 +-
 scripts/extract_mermaid.py                     |  2 +-
 tests/agent/mcp/test_handlers.py               |  2 +-
 tests/api/routes/controller/test_acl.py        | 12 ++++++------
 tests/stress/benchmark_running_server.py       |  2 +-
 tests/stress/telnet_race_condition_test.py     |  2 +-
 11 files changed, 16 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/gns3server/agent/mcp/templates.py b/gns3server/agent/mcp/templates.py
index a80f08ff9..56e02680a 100644
--- a/gns3server/agent/mcp/templates.py
+++ b/gns3server/agent/mcp/templates.py
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ def delete_template_handler(params: dict[str, Any], gns3_ctx: dict[str, Any]) ->
         template_id = matches[0]["template_id"]
 
     conn.http_call("delete", f"{conn.base_url}/templates/{template_id}")
-    return {"message": f"Template deleted"}
+    return {"message": "Template deleted"}
 
 
 # ── Tool definitions ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
diff --git a/gns3server/compute/qemu/__init__.py b/gns3server/compute/qemu/__init__.py
index f01fdb68e..5a01be047 100644
--- a/gns3server/compute/qemu/__init__.py
+++ b/gns3server/compute/qemu/__init__.py
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ class Qemu(BaseManager):
 
         qemu_img_path = shutil.which("qemu-img")
         if not qemu_img_path:
-            raise QemuError(f"Could not find qemu-img binary")
+            raise QemuError("Could not find qemu-img binary")
 
         try:
             if os.path.exists(disk_image_path):
diff --git a/gns3server/compute/virtualbox/virtualbox_vm.py b/gns3server/compute/virtualbox/virtualbox_vm.py
index 8cb9f8016..1a6f43183 100644
--- a/gns3server/compute/virtualbox/virtualbox_vm.py
+++ b/gns3server/compute/virtualbox/virtualbox_vm.py
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ class VirtualBoxVM(BaseNode):
         try:
             tree = ET.parse(linked_vbox_file)
         except ET.ParseError:
-            raise VirtualBoxError(f"Cannot modify VirtualBox linked node file. File {{linked_vbox_file}} is corrupted.")
+            raise VirtualBoxError("Cannot modify VirtualBox linked node file. File {linked_vbox_file} is corrupted.")
         except OSError as e:
             raise VirtualBoxError(f"Cannot modify VirtualBox linked nodes file '{self._linked_vbox_file()}': {e}")
 
diff --git a/gns3server/controller/__init__.py b/gns3server/controller/__init__.py
index debc6960a..026cd2b6e 100644
--- a/gns3server/controller/__init__.py
+++ b/gns3server/controller/__init__.py
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ class Controller:
 
         protocol = server_config.protocol.value
         if self._ssl_context and protocol != "https":
-            log.warning(f"Protocol changed to 'https' for local compute because SSL is enabled")
+            log.warning("Protocol changed to 'https' for local compute because SSL is enabled")
             protocol = "https"
         try:
             self._local_server = await self.add_compute(
diff --git a/gns3server/db/tasks.py b/gns3server/db/tasks.py
index b9decd868..3045fd2c1 100644
--- a/gns3server/db/tasks.py
+++ b/gns3server/db/tasks.py
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ async def disconnect_from_db(app: FastAPI) -> None:
     # dispose of the connection pool used by the database engine
     if app.state._db_engine:
         await app.state._db_engine.dispose()
-        log.info(f"Disconnected from database")
+        log.info("Disconnected from database")
 
 
 async def get_computes(app: FastAPI) -> List[schemas.Compute]:
diff --git a/gns3server/utils/images.py b/gns3server/utils/images.py
index cbb5f20ca..51f84f75a 100644
--- a/gns3server/utils/images.py
+++ b/gns3server/utils/images.py
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ def default_images_directory(image_type):
     elif image_type == "dynamips" or image_type == "ios":
         return os.path.join(img_dir, "IOS")
     else:
-        raise NotImplementedError(f"%s node type is not supported", image_type)
+        raise NotImplementedError("%s node type is not supported", image_type)
 
 
 def images_directories(image_type, include_parent_directory=True):
diff --git a/scripts/extract_mermaid.py b/scripts/extract_mermaid.py
index aae2044b9..a134e3eed 100755
--- a/scripts/extract_mermaid.py
+++ b/scripts/extract_mermaid.py
@@ -337,7 +337,7 @@ def main():
                     versions = os.listdir(item_path)
                     print(f"    {item}: {', '.join(versions)}")
         else:
-            print(f"  Puppeteer cache: NOT FOUND")
+            print("  Puppeteer cache: NOT FOUND")
 
         print(f"\n  Result: {'✓ ALL CHECKS PASSED' if ok else '✗ SOME CHECKS FAILED'}")
         sys.exit(0 if ok else 1)
diff --git a/tests/agent/mcp/test_handlers.py b/tests/agent/mcp/test_handlers.py
index d98f754b0..97938a35d 100644
--- a/tests/agent/mcp/test_handlers.py
+++ b/tests/agent/mcp/test_handlers.py
@@ -553,7 +553,7 @@ class TestLink:
         # a short path-bound ticket replaces the long Bearer JWT in the URL
         assert "?token=gns3t_" in result["download_url"]
         assert "Bearer" not in result["curl_command"]
-        path = f"/v3/projects/p1/links/l1/capture/file"
+        path = "/v3/projects/p1/links/l1/capture/file"
         ticket = result["download_url"].split("token=")[1]
         assert result["curl_command"] == f"curl -L -o capture.pcap '{result['download_url']}'"
         redeemed = access_ticket_service.redeem_for_path(ticket, path)
diff --git a/tests/api/routes/controller/test_acl.py b/tests/api/routes/controller/test_acl.py
index 915ab6da5..ed1fee046 100644
--- a/tests/api/routes/controller/test_acl.py
+++ b/tests/api/routes/controller/test_acl.py
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ class TestACLRoutes:
         await rbac_repo.create_ace(ace)
 
         # add an ACE on /projects to allow user to create a project
-        path = f"/projects"
+        path = "/projects"
         new_ace = {"path": path, "ace_type": "user", "user_id": str(test_user.user_id), "role_id": role_id}
 
         response = await authorized_client.post(app.url_path_for("create_ace"), json=new_ace)
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ class TestACLRoutes:
     async def test_get_ace(self, app: FastAPI, client: AsyncClient, db_session: AsyncSession) -> None:
 
         rbac_repo = RbacRepository(db_session)
-        ace_in_db = await rbac_repo.get_ace_by_path(f"/projects")
+        ace_in_db = await rbac_repo.get_ace_by_path("/projects")
         response = await client.get(app.url_path_for("get_ace", ace_id=ace_in_db.ace_id))
         assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK
         assert response.json()["ace_id"] == str(ace_in_db.ace_id)
@@ -115,13 +115,13 @@ class TestACLRoutes:
     ) -> None:
 
         rbac_repo = RbacRepository(db_session)
-        ace_in_db = await rbac_repo.get_ace_by_path(f"/projects")
+        ace_in_db = await rbac_repo.get_ace_by_path("/projects")
 
-        update_ace = {"path": f"/appliances", "ace_type": "user", "user_id": str(test_user.user_id), "role_id": role_id}
+        update_ace = {"path": "/appliances", "ace_type": "user", "user_id": str(test_user.user_id), "role_id": role_id}
         response = await client.put(app.url_path_for("update_ace", ace_id=ace_in_db.ace_id), json=update_ace)
         assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK
         updated_ace_in_db = await rbac_repo.get_ace(ace_in_db.ace_id)
-        assert updated_ace_in_db.path == f"/appliances"
+        assert updated_ace_in_db.path == "/appliances"
 
     async def test_delete_ace(
         self,
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ class TestACLRoutes:
     ) -> None:
 
         rbac_repo = RbacRepository(db_session)
-        ace_in_db = await rbac_repo.get_ace_by_path(f"/appliances")
+        ace_in_db = await rbac_repo.get_ace_by_path("/appliances")
         response = await client.delete(app.url_path_for("delete_ace", ace_id=ace_in_db.ace_id))
         assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT
 
diff --git a/tests/stress/benchmark_running_server.py b/tests/stress/benchmark_running_server.py
index 234372100..fcc5e7640 100644
--- a/tests/stress/benchmark_running_server.py
+++ b/tests/stress/benchmark_running_server.py
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ async def benchmark_get_projects(base_url, headers, project_count, iterations=10
     """Benchmark GET /projects endpoint"""
 
     print(f"\n{'=' * 60}")
-    print(f"GET /projects Performance Benchmark")
+    print("GET /projects Performance Benchmark")
     print(f"{'=' * 60}")
     print(f"Server: {base_url}")
     print(f"{'=' * 60}\n")
diff --git a/tests/stress/telnet_race_condition_test.py b/tests/stress/telnet_race_condition_test.py
index 05d245201..e808d319f 100644
--- a/tests/stress/telnet_race_condition_test.py
+++ b/tests/stress/telnet_race_condition_test.py
@@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ async def run_stress_test(
     log.info(f"Device Type: {device_type}")
     log.info(f"Rapid clients: {rapid_clients} (each {iterations_per_client} iterations)")
     log.info(f"Long-lived clients: {long_lived_clients} (duration: {test_duration}s)")
-    log.info(f"Expected behavior: Rapid clients disconnect, long-lived clients unaffected")
+    log.info("Expected behavior: Rapid clients disconnect, long-lived clients unaffected")
     log.info("=" * 70)
 
     tasks: List[asyncio.Task] = []

From 06899c92fc2980812232da323f4ccebfd662d207 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Mark Paronyan <markparonian@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 30 Sep 2026 20:45:44 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 15/18] refactor: use iterable unpacking instead of
 concatenation

---
 gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/agent/context_manager.py      | 4 ++--
 .../agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/packet_analysis_tool.py     | 2 +-
 gns3server/compute/qemu/utils/ziputils.py                   | 2 +-
 gns3server/compute/virtualbox/virtualbox_vm.py              | 6 +++---
 gns3server/db/repositories/llm_model_configs.py             | 4 ++--
 5 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/agent/context_manager.py b/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/agent/context_manager.py
index 419e7785c..a17338c83 100644
--- a/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/agent/context_manager.py
+++ b/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/agent/context_manager.py
@@ -524,7 +524,7 @@ def _inject_topology_into_system(
     if filtered_count > 0:
         logger.debug("Filtered out %d existing SystemMessage(s)", filtered_count)
 
-    return [SystemMessage(content=formatted_prompt)] + non_system_messages
+    return [SystemMessage(content=formatted_prompt), *non_system_messages]
 
 
 # ============================================================================
@@ -556,7 +556,7 @@ def prepare_context_messages(
     else:
         formatted_prompt = system_prompt.replace("{{topology_info}}", "(No topology information available)")
 
-    return [SystemMessage(content=formatted_prompt)] + state_messages
+    return [SystemMessage(content=formatted_prompt), *state_messages]
 
 
 # ============================================================================
diff --git a/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/packet_analysis_tool.py b/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/packet_analysis_tool.py
index 5aacb0ed7..a1123403c 100644
--- a/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/packet_analysis_tool.py
+++ b/gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/packet_analysis_tool.py
@@ -444,7 +444,7 @@ class PacketAnalysisTool(BaseTool):
         # Build command: tshark -r <file> <user_args>
         import shlex
 
-        cmd = ["tshark", "-r", pcap_file] + shlex.split(tshark_args)
+        cmd = ["tshark", "-r", pcap_file, *shlex.split(tshark_args)]
 
         logger.info(f"Running tshark: {' '.join(cmd)}")
 
diff --git a/gns3server/compute/qemu/utils/ziputils.py b/gns3server/compute/qemu/utils/ziputils.py
index 3208da10a..95c8816c7 100644
--- a/gns3server/compute/qemu/utils/ziputils.py
+++ b/gns3server/compute/qemu/utils/ziputils.py
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ def unpack_zip(filename, extract_dir=None):
         with zipfile.ZipFile(filename, "r") as zfile:
             for zinfo in zfile.infolist():
                 fname = os.path.join(extract_dir, zinfo.filename)
-                date_time = time.mktime(zinfo.date_time + (0, 0, -1))
+                date_time = time.mktime((*zinfo.date_time, 0, 0, -1))
                 zfile.extract(zinfo, extract_dir)
 
                 # update timestamp
diff --git a/gns3server/compute/virtualbox/virtualbox_vm.py b/gns3server/compute/virtualbox/virtualbox_vm.py
index 1a6f43183..e2e144e9f 100644
--- a/gns3server/compute/virtualbox/virtualbox_vm.py
+++ b/gns3server/compute/virtualbox/virtualbox_vm.py
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ class VirtualBoxVM(BaseNode):
         """
 
         args = shlex.split(params)
-        result = await self.manager.execute("controlvm", [self._uuid] + args)
+        result = await self.manager.execute("controlvm", [self._uuid, *args])
         return result
 
     async def _modify_vm(self, params):
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ class VirtualBoxVM(BaseNode):
         """
 
         args = shlex.split(params)
-        await self.manager.execute("modifyvm", [self._uuid] + args)
+        await self.manager.execute("modifyvm", [self._uuid, *args])
 
     async def _check_duplicate_linked_clone(self):
         """
@@ -866,7 +866,7 @@ class VirtualBoxVM(BaseNode):
         """
 
         args = shlex.split(params)
-        await self.manager.execute("storageattach", [self._uuid] + args)
+        await self.manager.execute("storageattach", [self._uuid, *args])
 
     async def _get_nic_attachements(self, maximum_adapters):
         """
diff --git a/gns3server/db/repositories/llm_model_configs.py b/gns3server/db/repositories/llm_model_configs.py
index 2fb9188f4..6e59d1b3a 100644
--- a/gns3server/db/repositories/llm_model_configs.py
+++ b/gns3server/db/repositories/llm_model_configs.py
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ class LLMModelConfigsRepository(BaseRepository):
 
         # Handle extra config fields
         for key, value in updates.items():
-            if key not in ["name", "model_type", "is_default", "expected_version"] + config_fields:
+            if key not in ["name", "model_type", "is_default", "expected_version", *config_fields]:
                 if value is not None:
                     current_config[key] = value
 
@@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ class LLMModelConfigsRepository(BaseRepository):
 
         # Handle extra config fields
         for key, value in updates.items():
-            if key not in ["name", "model_type", "is_default", "expected_version"] + config_fields:
+            if key not in ["name", "model_type", "is_default", "expected_version", *config_fields]:
                 if value is not None:
                     current_config[key] = value
 

From 95ada233957dac56eb7dc717ecd3b70ac176c67e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Mark Paronyan <markparonian@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 30 Sep 2026 20:45:44 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 16/18] refactor: replace percent formatting with format
 specifiers

---
 gns3server/compute/docker/docker_vm.py    | 2 +-
 gns3server/compute/qemu/utils/ziputils.py | 2 +-
 gns3server/db/models/base.py              | 4 ++--
 gns3server/utils/__init__.py              | 2 +-
 gns3server/utils/asyncio/aiozipstream.py  | 2 +-
 5 files changed, 6 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/gns3server/compute/docker/docker_vm.py b/gns3server/compute/docker/docker_vm.py
index 4bb9b4344..4837a8693 100644
--- a/gns3server/compute/docker/docker_vm.py
+++ b/gns3server/compute/docker/docker_vm.py
@@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ class DockerVM(BaseNode):
 
         if not mac_address:
             # use the node UUID to generate a random MAC address
-            self._mac_address = "02:42:%s:%s:%s:00" % (self.id[2:4], self.id[4:6], self.id[6:8])
+            self._mac_address = "02:42:{}:{}:{}:00".format(self.id[2:4], self.id[4:6], self.id[6:8])
         else:
             self._mac_address = mac_address
 
diff --git a/gns3server/compute/qemu/utils/ziputils.py b/gns3server/compute/qemu/utils/ziputils.py
index 95c8816c7..165e5e7ce 100644
--- a/gns3server/compute/qemu/utils/ziputils.py
+++ b/gns3server/compute/qemu/utils/ziputils.py
@@ -52,4 +52,4 @@ def unpack_zip(filename, extract_dir=None):
         for fname, date_time in reversed(dirs):
             os.utime(fname, (date_time, date_time))
     except zipfile.BadZipFile:
-        raise shutil.ReadError("%s is not a zip file" % filename)
+        raise shutil.ReadError("{} is not a zip file".format(filename))
diff --git a/gns3server/db/models/base.py b/gns3server/db/models/base.py
index 4984b8773..5a185a437 100644
--- a/gns3server/db/models/base.py
+++ b/gns3server/db/models/base.py
@@ -59,10 +59,10 @@ class GUID(TypeDecorator):
             return str(value)
         else:
             if not isinstance(value, uuid.UUID):
-                return "%.32x" % uuid.UUID(value).int
+                return "{:032x}".format(uuid.UUID(value).int)
             else:
                 # hexstring
-                return "%.32x" % value.int
+                return "{:032x}".format(value.int)
 
     def process_result_value(self, value, dialect):
         if value is None:
diff --git a/gns3server/utils/__init__.py b/gns3server/utils/__init__.py
index c1e485692..2b57ec8ae 100644
--- a/gns3server/utils/__init__.py
+++ b/gns3server/utils/__init__.py
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ def int_to_macaddress(integer):
     """
     Convert an integer to a mac address
     """
-    return ":".join(textwrap.wrap("%012x" % (integer), width=2))
+    return ":".join(textwrap.wrap("{:012x}".format(integer), width=2))
 
 
 def parse_version(version):
diff --git a/gns3server/utils/asyncio/aiozipstream.py b/gns3server/utils/asyncio/aiozipstream.py
index 1efafc37e..2ea16f83a 100644
--- a/gns3server/utils/asyncio/aiozipstream.py
+++ b/gns3server/utils/asyncio/aiozipstream.py
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ class ZipFile(zipfile.ZipFile):
         """
 
         if not isinstance(comment, bytes):
-            raise TypeError("comment: expected bytes, got %s" % type(comment))
+            raise TypeError("comment: expected bytes, got {}".format(type(comment)))
         # check for valid comment length
         if len(comment) >= zipfile.ZIP_MAX_COMMENT:
             if self.debug:

From 74943b4c741e885914bdf1d59c62401fe24ec8eb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Mark Paronyan <markparonian@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 30 Sep 2026 20:45:47 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 17/18] refactor: convert remaining percent formatting in log
 messages

---
 gns3server/logger.py                     | 4 ++--
 gns3server/main.py                       | 4 ++--
 gns3server/utils/__init__.py             | 2 +-
 gns3server/utils/asyncio/aiozipstream.py | 2 +-
 4 files changed, 6 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/gns3server/logger.py b/gns3server/logger.py
index e2f184bca..30d99bf39 100644
--- a/gns3server/logger.py
+++ b/gns3server/logger.py
@@ -125,8 +125,8 @@ class CompressedRotatingFileHandler(RotatingFileHandler):
             self.stream.close()
         if self.backupCount > 0:
             for i in range(self.backupCount - 1, 0, -1):
-                sfn = "%s.%d.gz" % (self.baseFilename, i)
-                dfn = "%s.%d.gz" % (self.baseFilename, i + 1)
+                sfn = f"{self.baseFilename}.{i}.gz"
+                dfn = f"{self.baseFilename}.{i + 1}.gz"
                 if os.path.exists(sfn):
                     if os.path.exists(dfn):
                         os.remove(dfn)
diff --git a/gns3server/main.py b/gns3server/main.py
index 150987d41..29a2073cf 100644
--- a/gns3server/main.py
+++ b/gns3server/main.py
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ def daemonize():
             # Exit first parent
             sys.exit(0)
     except OSError as e:
-        print("First fork failed: %d (%s)\n" % (e.errno, e.strerror), file=sys.stderr)
+        print(f"First fork failed: {e.errno} ({e.strerror})\n", file=sys.stderr)
         sys.exit(1)
 
     # Decouple from parent environment
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ def daemonize():
             # Exit from second parent
             sys.exit(0)
     except OSError as e:
-        print("Second fork failed: %d (%s)\n" % (e.errno, e.strerror), file=sys.stderr)
+        print(f"Second fork failed: {e.errno} ({e.strerror})\n", file=sys.stderr)
         sys.exit(1)
 
 
diff --git a/gns3server/utils/__init__.py b/gns3server/utils/__init__.py
index 2b57ec8ae..386095757 100644
--- a/gns3server/utils/__init__.py
+++ b/gns3server/utils/__init__.py
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ def parse_version(version):
             info = int(info)
             # We pad with zero to compare only on string
             # This avoid issue when comparing version with different length
-            version.append("%06d" % (info,))
+            version.append(f"{info:06d}")
         except ValueError:
             # Force to a version with three number
             if len(version) == 1:
diff --git a/gns3server/utils/asyncio/aiozipstream.py b/gns3server/utils/asyncio/aiozipstream.py
index 2ea16f83a..b9a9d42c9 100644
--- a/gns3server/utils/asyncio/aiozipstream.py
+++ b/gns3server/utils/asyncio/aiozipstream.py
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ class ZipFile(zipfile.ZipFile):
         # check for valid comment length
         if len(comment) >= zipfile.ZIP_MAX_COMMENT:
             if self.debug:
-                print("Archive comment is too long; truncating to %d bytes" % zipfile.ZIP_MAX_COMMENT)
+                print(f"Archive comment is too long; truncating to {zipfile.ZIP_MAX_COMMENT} bytes")
             comment = comment[: zipfile.ZIP_MAX_COMMENT]
         self._comment = comment
         self._didModify = True

From 269e7aaa672953f5d4bb82bea76de7e0b4c309b8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Mark Paronyan <markparonian@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 30 Sep 2026 20:45:47 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 18/18] chore(ruff): drop resolved trivia rules from the ignore
 baseline

---
 pyproject.toml | 67 +++++++++++++-------------------------------------
 1 file changed, 17 insertions(+), 50 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index f979b5eb3..c72e963f9 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -97,14 +97,11 @@ ignore = [
   "E402",      #  129  module-import-not-at-top-of-file
   "E501",      #  655  line-too-long
   "F401",      #  300  unused-import
-  "F541",      #   16  f-string-missing-placeholders
   "F841",      #   32  unused-variable
   "I001",      #  441  unsorted-imports
   "PLW0603",   #   21  global-statement
   "PLW2901",   #   30  redefined-loop-name
-  "RUF010",    #   65  explicit-f-string-type-conversion
   "RUF012",    #   23  mutable-class-default
-  "RUF013",    #   40  implicit-optional
   "RUF036",    #   22  none-not-at-end-of-union
   "RUF059",    #   29  unused-unpacked-variable
   "S101",      #   19  assert
@@ -112,11 +109,9 @@ ignore = [
   "S110",      #   23  try-except-pass
   "UP006",     #  270  non-pep585-annotation
   "UP007",     #   81  non-pep604-annotation-union
-  "UP009",     #   51  utf8-encoding-declaration
   "UP032",     #  560  f-string
   "UP035",     #  106  deprecated-import
   "UP045",     # 1100  non-pep604-annotation-optional
-  "W293",      #  661  blank-line-with-whitespace
 ]
 
 [tool.ruff.lint.mccabe]
@@ -141,33 +136,17 @@ extend-immutable-calls = [
 "tests/**" = ["S101", "S105", "S106", "S108"]
 # Baseline: existing violations of rules that are enforced everywhere else.
 # Remove entries one small PR at a time. Never add new ones.
-"gns3server/agent/__init__.py" = ["LOG015", "RUF022"]
-"gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/agent/context_manager.py" = ["RUF005", "RUF100"]
+"gns3server/agent/__init__.py" = ["LOG015"]
 "gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/agent/gns3_copilot.py" = ["DTZ003"]
 "gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/agent_service.py" = ["C901", "DTZ003"]
 "gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/chat_sessions_repository.py" = ["DTZ003", "S608"]
-"gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/gns3_client/__init__.py" = ["RUF022"]
-"gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/gns3_client/context_helpers.py" = ["RUF022"]
-"gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/skills/__init__.py" = ["RUF022"]
-"gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/skills/loader.py" = ["UP015"]
-"gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/skills/manager.py" = ["UP037"]
 "gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/skills/registry.py" = ["C901"]
-"gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/__init__.py" = ["RUF022"]
-"gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/config_tools_nornir.py" = ["RUF100"]
-"gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/display_tools_nornir.py" = ["RUF100"]
 "gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/gns3_packet_filter.py" = ["PLW1510", "S603", "S607"]
-"gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/packet_analysis_tool.py" = ["PLW1510", "RUF005", "S603", "S607"]
-"gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/vpcs_tools_netmiko.py" = ["RUF100"]
-"gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/utils/__init__.py" = ["RUF022"]
-"gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/utils/custom_netmiko/__init__.py" = ["RUF100"]
+"gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/tools_v2/packet_analysis_tool.py" = ["PLW1510", "S603", "S607"]
 "gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/utils/custom_netmiko/huawei_ce.py" = ["S107"]
 "gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/utils/custom_netmiko/ruijie_telnet.py" = ["LOG015"]
-"gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/utils/custom_netmiko/scripts/list_netmiko_telnet_devices.py" = ["DTZ005", "UP024"]
-"gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/utils/custom_netmiko/tests/test_huawei_ce.py" = ["RUF100"]
-"gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/utils/custom_netmiko/tests/test_ruijie_telnet.py" = ["RUF100"]
-"gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/utils/custom_netmiko/tests/test_vpcs_telnet.py" = ["RUF100"]
+"gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/utils/custom_netmiko/scripts/list_netmiko_telnet_devices.py" = ["DTZ005"]
 "gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/utils/custom_netmiko/vpcs_telnet.py" = ["S107"]
-"gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/utils/gns3_drawing_utils.py" = ["RUF100"]
 "gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/utils/message_converters.py" = ["RUF019"]
 "gns3server/agent/gns3_copilot/utils/parse_tool_content.py" = ["C901", "DTZ003"]
 "gns3server/agent/mcp/__init__.py" = ["RUF003"]
@@ -175,21 +154,15 @@ extend-immutable-calls = [
 "gns3server/agent/web_wireshark/manager.py" = ["C901"]
 "gns3server/agent/web_wireshark/setup_wireshark_image.py" = ["PLW1510", "S603", "S607"]
 "gns3server/agent/web_wireshark/stats.py" = ["ASYNC221", "PLW1510", "S603", "S607"]
-"gns3server/api/routes/compute/notifications.py" = ["W291"]
 "gns3server/api/routes/compute/qemu_nodes.py" = ["F811"]
-"gns3server/api/routes/controller/controller.py" = ["UP012"]
 "gns3server/api/routes/controller/dependencies/authentication.py" = ["S105", "S106"]
 "gns3server/api/routes/controller/links.py" = ["E722"]
-"gns3server/api/routes/controller/netmiko.py" = ["RUF100"]
-"gns3server/api/routes/controller/nodes.py" = ["C901", "RUF019", "UP024"]
-"gns3server/api/routes/controller/projects.py" = ["UP012"]
+"gns3server/api/routes/controller/nodes.py" = ["C901", "RUF019"]
 "gns3server/api/routes/controller/templates.py" = ["S324"]
 "gns3server/api/routes/controller/users.py" = ["S105", "S106"]
-"gns3server/api/routes/index.py" = ["RUF021"]
 "gns3server/compute/base_node.py" = ["C901", "RUF019"]
-"gns3server/compute/builtin/nodes/cloud.py" = ["E713"]
 "gns3server/compute/docker/__init__.py" = ["B006", "C901"]
-"gns3server/compute/docker/docker_vm.py" = ["B006", "C901", "E731", "RUF003", "RUF006", "S108", "UP031"]
+"gns3server/compute/docker/docker_vm.py" = ["B006", "C901", "E731", "RUF003", "RUF006", "S108"]
 "gns3server/compute/docker/iol_docker_vm.py" = ["RUF002", "S108"]
 "gns3server/compute/docker/vendor_docker_vm.py" = ["RUF002", "S108"]
 "gns3server/compute/dynamips/__init__.py" = ["C901"]
@@ -198,11 +171,10 @@ extend-immutable-calls = [
 "gns3server/compute/iou/iou_vm.py" = ["C901", "S108", "S324"]
 "gns3server/compute/iou/utils/iou_export.py" = ["C901", "RUF003"]
 "gns3server/compute/project.py" = ["DTZ006", "S324"]
-"gns3server/compute/qemu/qemu_vm.py" = ["ASYNC220", "B009", "C901", "RUF003", "S603"]
-"gns3server/compute/qemu/utils/ziputils.py" = ["RUF005", "UP031"]
+"gns3server/compute/qemu/qemu_vm.py" = ["ASYNC220", "C901", "RUF003", "S603"]
 "gns3server/compute/ubridge/ubridge_hypervisor.py" = ["C901"]
-"gns3server/compute/virtualbox/virtualbox_vm.py" = ["C901", "RUF005", "S314"]
-"gns3server/compute/vmware/__init__.py" = ["C901", "UP015"]
+"gns3server/compute/virtualbox/virtualbox_vm.py" = ["C901", "S314"]
+"gns3server/compute/vmware/__init__.py" = ["C901"]
 "gns3server/compute/vmware/vmware_vm.py" = ["C901"]
 "gns3server/compute/vpcs/vpcs_vm.py" = ["B018"]
 "gns3server/config.py" = ["B905", "C901"]
@@ -220,52 +192,47 @@ extend-immutable-calls = [
 "gns3server/controller/project.py" = ["ASYNC110", "C901", "RUF006", "RUF019"]
 "gns3server/controller/topology.py" = ["C901"]
 "gns3server/controller/udp_link.py" = ["C901"]
-"gns3server/db/models/base.py" = ["UP031"]
-"gns3server/db/repositories/llm_model_configs.py" = ["DTZ003", "RUF005", "RUF019"]
+"gns3server/db/repositories/llm_model_configs.py" = ["DTZ003", "RUF019"]
 "gns3server/db/repositories/rbac.py" = ["C901"]
-"gns3server/db/tasks.py" = ["B009", "RUF006", "RUF019", "UP004"]
-"gns3server/db_migrations/versions/7ceeddd9c9a8_init.py" = ["W291"]
+"gns3server/db/tasks.py" = ["RUF006", "RUF019"]
 "gns3server/db_migrations/versions/ec4b7b198555_convert_pickletype_fields_to_json.py" = ["S301", "S608"]
-"gns3server/logger.py" = ["PLW0127", "UP031"]
-"gns3server/main.py" = ["UP031"]
+"gns3server/logger.py" = ["PLW0127"]
 "gns3server/schemas/controller/settings.py" = ["S105"]
 "gns3server/schemas/controller/templates/docker_templates.py" = ["W292"]
 "gns3server/schemas/controller/tokens.py" = ["S105"]
 "gns3server/server.py" = ["DTZ011", "RUF006", "UP036"]
 "gns3server/services/authentication.py" = ["S105"]
 "gns3server/services/templates.py" = ["W292"]
-"gns3server/utils/__init__.py" = ["S324", "UP031"]
+"gns3server/utils/__init__.py" = ["S324"]
 "gns3server/utils/asyncio/__init__.py" = ["RUF006"]
-"gns3server/utils/asyncio/aiozipstream.py" = ["C901", "UP031"]
+"gns3server/utils/asyncio/aiozipstream.py" = ["C901"]
 "gns3server/utils/asyncio/raw_command_server.py" = ["B006"]
 "gns3server/utils/asyncio/telnet_server.py" = ["RUF006"]
-"gns3server/utils/images.py" = ["RUF021", "S324"]
+"gns3server/utils/images.py" = ["S324"]
 "gns3server/utils/packet_filter_validation.py" = ["PLW1510", "S603", "S607", "W292"]
 "gns3server/utils/picture.py" = ["C901"]
 "gns3server/utils/port_allocator.py" = ["S324"]
-"gns3server/utils/uninstall_ai_features.py" = ["PLW1510", "S603", "UP015"]
+"gns3server/utils/uninstall_ai_features.py" = ["PLW1510", "S603"]
 "gns3server/utils/vmnet.py" = ["S605", "S607"]
 "gns3server/utils/websocket_to_websocket.py" = ["C901"]
 "gns3server/utils/zipfile_zstd/__init__.py" = ["F403"]
 "gns3server/version.py" = ["S607"]
 "scripts/extract_mermaid.py" = ["C901", "PLW1510", "S603", "S607"]
 "scripts/tag.py" = ["S603", "S607"]
-"scripts/welcome.py" = ["C901", "E722", "PLW1510", "S108", "S112", "S603", "S605", "S606", "S607", "W291"]
+"scripts/welcome.py" = ["C901", "E722", "PLW1510", "S108", "S112", "S603", "S605", "S606", "S607"]
 "tests/agent/mcp/test_handlers.py" = ["B905"]
 "tests/agent/mcp/test_tool_params.py" = ["C901"]
 "tests/api/routes/controller/test_images.py" = ["S324", "W292"]
 "tests/api/routes/controller/test_links.py" = ["RUF015", "W292"]
 "tests/api/routes/controller/test_users.py" = ["F811"]
 "tests/compute/docker/test_docker.py" = ["B018"]
-"tests/compute/docker/test_docker_vm.py" = ["F811", "UP004"]
+"tests/compute/docker/test_docker_vm.py" = ["F811"]
 "tests/compute/docker/test_iol_docker_vm.py" = ["RUF003", "RUF015"]
 "tests/compute/docker/test_vendor_docker_vm.py" = ["RUF015"]
 "tests/compute/qemu/test_qemu_vm.py" = ["E741"]
 "tests/compute/test_project.py" = ["RUF003", "RUF064", "S103"]
 "tests/compute/virtualbox/test_virtualbox_manager.py" = ["B011"]
 "tests/compute/vpcs/test_vpcs_vm.py" = ["RUF003"]
-"tests/controller/gns3vm/test_vmware_gns3_vm.py" = ["UP015"]
-"tests/controller/test_export_project.py" = ["E713"]
 "tests/controller/test_import_project.py" = ["F811"]
 "tests/controller/test_marker.py" = ["B006"]
 "tests/controller/test_node.py" = ["E711", "F811"]